FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS

LESSONS

Representation
Graphing
Evaluation
Operations
Increasing/Decreasing
Relative (Local) Extrema
Composition
Inverse
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Representations of
relations and
functions
Definition of a Function
function function not a
function
Function Notation
Evaluation of a Function
 Domain of a function

The domain is stated

explicitly.
For this function, the
explicit domain is the set of
Domain Range all negative real numbers,

-1 1
Every negative real
-7 7
number in the domain
-10 10 is mapped (paired with)
to a positive real
number in the range
through the absolute
value function.
Domain of a function
Operations on Functions
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions
Definition:
• A function is said to be:
• increasing on an interval I if for any and on the interval I, if then
• decreasing on an interval I if for any and on the interval I, if then
• constant on I if for any and on I, .

Examples:
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

The function/graph on the right is:

• increasing on the following
intervals:
• decreasing on the following
intervals:
 Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Example:

The function/graph above is:

• increasing on the following intervals:
• decreasing on the interval
• constant on the interval
 Relative Extrema (Local Extrema)
(Based on Graphs)

Consider the graph of below. Study the terms associated with each
of the points emphasized on the graph.

𝑓 (𝑥)

relative maximum

relative maximum

relative minimum relative minimum

absolute minimum
and relative minimum
 Relative Extrema (Based on Graphs)

A function has a relative maximum value at if there exists an open

interval containing such that is contained in the domain of and for all

A function has a relative minimum value at if there exists an open

interval containing such that is contained in the domain of and for all

A relative extremum is either a relative maximum or

a relative minimum.
Relative Minimum (Based on Graphs)
is a relative minimum value of since for all .

𝑓 (𝑥)

𝑎 𝑐 𝑏

(𝑐 , 𝒇 ( 𝒄 ) )
Relative Maximum (Based on Graphs)

is a relative maximum value of since for all

(𝑐 , 𝒇 ( 𝒄 ) )
𝑓 (𝑥)

𝑎 𝑐 𝑏
 EXAMPLE 1
The graph of the function is shown on
the right. Identify
a) the relative minima of and the 𝑓 (𝑥 )
values of where the extrema
occur.
b) the relative maxima of and the
values of where the extrema
occur.
c) absolute extrema, if there are any.
EXAMPLE 1 (ANSWER)
Answers:
a) The function has a relative
minimum value of -4 which occurs 𝑓 (𝑥 )
at

b) The function has a relative

maximum value of 0 which occurs
at .

c) The function has no absolute

extrema.
 EXAMPLE 2
The graph of the function is shown
on the right. (−1 , 556 )
a) Identify the relative extrema of
the function and the value of
where they occur.
b) Identify the absolute extrema of ( − 3 ,−
3
2 )
the function and the value of
where they occur.

( 2,−
67
3 )
EXAMPLE 2 (ANSWER)
a) The relative maximum value
of the function is at and the
relative minimum value of is
(−1 , 556 )
which occurs at .
b) The absolute minimum value
of the function is at . There
is no absolute maximum
value.
( − 3 ,−
3
2 )

( 2,−
67
3 )
 EXAMPLE 3

Find the relative extrema of the

function whose graph is shown below.
EXAMPLE 3 (ANSWER)

• Relative minimum of
at and is also an
absolute minimum.
• Relative minimum of
at .
• Relative maximum of
at .
Types of Functions

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

CONSTANT FUNCTION

RATIONAL FUNCTION

RADICAL FUNCTION

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
 Piecewise-defined Function
This function is defined by different rules for different parts of its
domain.
Functions whose definitions involve more than one rule are called
piecewise-defined functions.
Graphing a piecewise-defined
function
Graphing a piecewise-defined
function
Composition of Functions
One-to-One Functions
Inverse of a Function
Finding the Inverse Function
 References
http://www.wiley.com/college/sc/collegealgebra/resources/annotated_i
nstructors_edition/Young_CA_3e_AIE_c03FunctionsandTheirGraphs.pdf

http://esminfo.prenhall.com/takealook2007/barnett_calculus/pdf/Bar
nett_Calc_ch02.pdf

http://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/mc-ty-introfns-200
9-1.pdf

http://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/mc-ty-inverse-2
009-1.pdf

http://www.math.utah.edu/~wortman/1050-text-if.pdf

http://themathpage.com

Powerpoint slides – Senior High school Department, DLSU-

Manila
 Graphing Tools/Utilities

 DESMOS – graphing calculator via google app

 Wolfram Alpha – via internet browser

 Graphmatica

 Wzgrapher