A-Level Presentation - 27 Cloud Computing and Web Applications
A-Level Presentation - 27 Cloud Computing and Web Applications
A-level
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Lesson Objectives
Students will learn about:
Client-server network model
Peer-to-peer network model
Cloud computing
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Webpages and its types
Website development tools used to develop client side and
server side
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Content
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Client-to-server network
model
client
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Client-server P2P
Cloud computing
The use of hardware and software
Data storage &
to deliver a service over a network Applications
such as the Internet is called cloud
computing.
A webpage displays these services
to a client. Phone Computer Server
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Advantages Disadvantages
• Cloud computing is more cost effective • An Internet connection is
Cloud
than traditional computing. essential to use cloud
computing
computing.
• Cloud storage is more reliable than
storing the files in local systems. • Working in online
applications may lead to
• Files can be accessed from any
cyber-attacks.
computer with an Internet connection.
Files can also be shared among many • Documents shared in web
users. applications may be
accessed by unauthorised
• Web applications are updated more
users.
frequently than traditional software.
Therefore, cloud computing enables
the user to use the latest software
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Webpages
▪ A webpage is a document that can be viewed in web browsers.
▪ A webpage usually contains text, images, animations, and videos.
▪ webpages were initially developed to show information.
▪ But, the applications of webpages have extended to numerous fields
ranging from ticket booking to medical advisory.
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Types of websites:
Static websites Dynamic websites
Static websites are designed to show Dynamic applications allow users
information. They do not have to input and process data online.
options for users to input data.
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Static websites
Static websites are generally developed
User Server
using HTML and CSS languages.
Data
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Dynamic websites
An online shopping website is an example of a
dynamic website.
The price and availability of a product are updated User Server
from the server-side.
The shopping cart and review page are updated
Data
from the user-side.
A dynamic website is also called a web application.
In addition to HTML and CSS, dynamic websites also
use scripting languages such as JavaScript and PHP.
Computer scripts are a type of program that
executes at runtime.
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Front-End / Client-side
▪ User interfaces and scripts that are executed on a user’s computer is
called the Front-end or Client-side of an online application.
▪ Usually, client-side scripts are small programs that are downloaded,
compiled and run by the browser.
▪ JavaScript is an example of a scripting language used for creating
dynamic websites. The scripts are either embedded within the HTML
or stored in an external file.
▪ The server sends the external scripts to the client on request. Scripts
can also be executed as a result of the user’s action like clicking a
button.
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Front-End / Client-side
▪ It is important to validate the data collected from the client in the
client-side to improve security and avoid unnecessary data traffic.
▪ Some of the functions of the front-end are:
• Formatting the webpage with CSS
• Reduces the amount of web traffic
• Reduces the load on the server
▪ HTML, CSS and JavaScript are some examples of the programming
languages used to develop the front-end of an online application.
You have learnt about these languages in detail.
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Back-End / Server-side
▪ A server-side script is processed on the web server when the user
requests information.
▪ To store dynamic data in webpages, these scripts are executed
before the display of a webpage.
▪ The processed script returns the result to the user’s request.
▪ These scripts are widely used in websites that store a large amount
of information such as search engines, as it would be time-
consuming for a web browser to download all the data.
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Back-End / Server-side
▪ SQL, PHP, Python, Ruby and Java are some examples of server-side
languages.
▪ The validation of data is also carried out on the server-side by
comparing the data entered by the user with the existing data in
server.
▪ Hackers may try to enter malicious code to the JavaScript code in the
front-end.
▪ Therefore, it is important to validate once again on the server-side to
maintain security and integrity of the server.
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Back-End / Server-side
Functions of server-side processing are:
• Processing client’s queries
• Provides data security
• Encryption of data
• Updating server database
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Application Programming
Interface (API)
▪ Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of protocols that governs
how two applications interact with each other.
▪ Websites often embed functions such as maps, spreadsheets, etc.
▪ Websites do not create these functions independently.
▪ Instead, the (API) is used to include these functionalities within a website.
▪ For example, Google has created API, which various business websites use
to include their address in the ‘contact us’ menu.
▪ A web application that uses API from various sources is called a mashup.
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Thick-client
Advantages Disadvantages
• Operates without server • Expensive to install as it
connection requires highly specialised
computers at client side.
• Robust and reliable
• Software has to be installed at
• Used for powerful software
each client computer and
applications
maintained regularly.
Thin-client computing
▪ A thin client is highly dependent on the server for data processing and
storage.
▪ Without server, the functionality of thin client will be affected.
▪ The thinnest client that requires server for most of its operations will
only require minimum processing power and no storage.
▪ This type of client system are often referred to as a dumb terminal.
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Advantages Disadvantages
Thin-client • Easy and inexpensive to set • Client computers are
up affected when server
malfunctions
• Easy to update and maintain
the client systems • Setting up of a highly
efficient server is expensive
• Data is secured at a
centralised location • Highly reliable network
connections are required
User interfaces and scripts A server-side script is processed A set of protocols that governs
that are executed on a user’s on the web server when the user how two applications interact
computer. requests information. with each other.
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Activity
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Activity-1
Duration: 15 minutes
Example Function
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End of topic questions
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