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A-Level Presentation - 27 Cloud Computing and Web Applications

The document discusses cloud computing and web applications. It provides an overview of client-server and peer-to-peer network models, cloud computing, and webpages. The key topics covered include the differences between client-server and peer-to-peer networks, common server types in the client-server model like web servers and application servers, advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing, and basic components of webpages. Examples and diagrams are used to illustrate key concepts.

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Debasruti Saha
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views37 pages

A-Level Presentation - 27 Cloud Computing and Web Applications

The document discusses cloud computing and web applications. It provides an overview of client-server and peer-to-peer network models, cloud computing, and webpages. The key topics covered include the differences between client-server and peer-to-peer networks, common server types in the client-server model like web servers and application servers, advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing, and basic components of webpages. Examples and diagrams are used to illustrate key concepts.

Uploaded by

Debasruti Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Teach Computer Science

A-level

Cloud computing and


web applications

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Lesson Objectives
Students will learn about:
 Client-server network model
 Peer-to-peer network model
 Cloud computing
 Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
 Webpages and its types
 Website development tools used to develop client side and
server side
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Content

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Client-to-server network
model
client

▪ Clients are computers that request


information.
▪ Servers are computers that provide
information.
server
▪ A client depends on the server for
information.
▪ For example: the client-side of a web
application is a web browser. The web
server provides the information.
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It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15


years hence, a “thinking centre” that will incorporate
the functions of present-day libraries together with
anticipated advances in information storage and
retrieval and ... a network of such centres, connected
to one another by wide-band communication lines
and to individual users by leased-wire services.
-J.C.R. Licklider,
From article 'Man-Computer Symbiosis', in IRE Transactions on Human
Factors in Electronics (Mar 1960)

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Client-server model: types of


servers
▪ Web servers Web servers handle the user’s
▪ Application servers requests and manage the websites.

▪ Network Attached Storage Servers allow users to view HTML


(NAS) pages, CSS stylesheets and other
scripts to the user. For example:
▪ Print servers
Apache (open-source)
▪ Mail servers
Large files can be hosted and
shared using FTP.

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Client-server model: types of


servers
▪ Web servers Some websites contain programs and
▪ Application servers scripts. For example: a few websites
use MySQL database, which is
▪ Network Attached Storage
accessed through application servers.
(NAS)
Application servers organise and run
▪ Print servers
web applications.
▪ Mail servers
A client’s request from a web browser
is sent to application servers.

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Client-server model: types of


servers
▪ Web servers
NAS is a server that is responsible
▪ Application servers for storing and sharing files such as
▪ Network Attached Storage music, video, and other large files.
(NAS) This does not include websites.
▪ Print servers
▪ Mail servers

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Client-server model: types of


servers
▪ Web servers
▪ Print servers enable various devices
▪ Application servers to connect to a printer without
▪ Network Attached Storage installing printer drivers or
(NAS) connecting physically to a printer.
▪ Print servers ▪ Mail servers store email messages.
▪ Mail servers Browsers are used to place a request
to retrieve an email message.

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Peer-to-peer network model


▪ In a P2P network, each and every computer
in a network is responsible for providing
data equally.
▪ Each computer can provide data requested
by other computers in the network.
▪ At the same time, any computer can
request data from any computer.

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Peer-to-peer network model


▪ This type of network is not suitable
for online ticketing systems where a
central server is required to
maintain the number of seats left.
▪ Due to a lack of a server, this type of
network may lead to illegal file
sharing and difficulty in storing
back-ups.

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Client-server P2P

Security Server controls the security No main server to control security

A team is required to install and Anyone can setup


Management
manage the server
Clients are dependent on the Clients are not dependent on any
Dependency
server server
Performance can be improved If the individual computers
Performance if the server is upgraded become slow, the whole network
slows down
Backup is stored on the server Individual computer backs up its
Backups data. This data can be easily
deleted by users
Cost Expensive to install Installation cost is low
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Cloud computing
 The use of hardware and software
Data storage &
to deliver a service over a network Applications
such as the Internet is called cloud
computing.
 A webpage displays these services
to a client. Phone Computer Server

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Traditional computing vs Cloud


computing
Traditional computing Cloud computing
Files are stored in the hard Files are stored online and processed using
drive of a computer and services that are available online.
processed using the same Web browsers are used to access cloud
computer. storage and online applications.
Online storage and cloud computing have
become powerful tools and are slowly
replacing traditional ways of computing.

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Advantages Disadvantages
• Cloud computing is more cost effective • An Internet connection is
Cloud
than traditional computing. essential to use cloud
computing
computing.
• Cloud storage is more reliable than
storing the files in local systems. • Working in online
applications may lead to
• Files can be accessed from any
cyber-attacks.
computer with an Internet connection.
Files can also be shared among many • Documents shared in web
users. applications may be
accessed by unauthorised
• Web applications are updated more
users.
frequently than traditional software.
Therefore, cloud computing enables
the user to use the latest software
every time. teachcomputerscience.com
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I don't need a hard disk in my


computer if I can get to the
server faster... carrying around
these non-connected
computers is Byzantine by
comparison.
-Steve Jobs, late Co-founder and Chairman of Apple

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Webpages
▪ A webpage is a document that can be viewed in web browsers.
▪ A webpage usually contains text, images, animations, and videos.
▪ webpages were initially developed to show information.
▪ But, the applications of webpages have extended to numerous fields
ranging from ticket booking to medical advisory.

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Types of websites:
Static websites Dynamic websites
Static websites are designed to show Dynamic applications allow users
information. They do not have to input and process data online.
options for users to input data.

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Static websites
Static websites are generally developed
User Server
using HTML and CSS languages.

Data

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Dynamic websites
 An online shopping website is an example of a
dynamic website.
 The price and availability of a product are updated User Server
from the server-side.
 The shopping cart and review page are updated
Data
from the user-side.
 A dynamic website is also called a web application.
 In addition to HTML and CSS, dynamic websites also
use scripting languages such as JavaScript and PHP.
 Computer scripts are a type of program that
executes at runtime.
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Website development tools


Front-End / Client-side
A software program is
stored on a computer’s User interface developed
using HTML, CSS and
hard drive, but a web JavaScript
application or a website
is stored on a server and
Back-End / Server-side
accessed through a web
browser.
Data and source code stored in
server. Back-end uses Python, SQL,
PHP and APIs

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Front-End / Client-side
▪ User interfaces and scripts that are executed on a user’s computer is
called the Front-end or Client-side of an online application.
▪ Usually, client-side scripts are small programs that are downloaded,
compiled and run by the browser.
▪ JavaScript is an example of a scripting language used for creating
dynamic websites. The scripts are either embedded within the HTML
or stored in an external file.
▪ The server sends the external scripts to the client on request. Scripts
can also be executed as a result of the user’s action like clicking a
button.
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Front-End / Client-side
▪ It is important to validate the data collected from the client in the
client-side to improve security and avoid unnecessary data traffic.
▪ Some of the functions of the front-end are:
• Formatting the webpage with CSS
• Reduces the amount of web traffic
• Reduces the load on the server
▪ HTML, CSS and JavaScript are some examples of the programming
languages used to develop the front-end of an online application.
You have learnt about these languages in detail.

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Back-End / Server-side
▪ A server-side script is processed on the web server when the user
requests information.
▪ To store dynamic data in webpages, these scripts are executed
before the display of a webpage.
▪ The processed script returns the result to the user’s request.
▪ These scripts are widely used in websites that store a large amount
of information such as search engines, as it would be time-
consuming for a web browser to download all the data.

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Back-End / Server-side
▪ SQL, PHP, Python, Ruby and Java are some examples of server-side
languages.
▪ The validation of data is also carried out on the server-side by
comparing the data entered by the user with the existing data in
server.
▪ Hackers may try to enter malicious code to the JavaScript code in the
front-end.
▪ Therefore, it is important to validate once again on the server-side to
maintain security and integrity of the server.
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Back-End / Server-side
Functions of server-side processing are:
• Processing client’s queries
• Provides data security
• Encryption of data
• Updating server database

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Application Programming
Interface (API)
▪ Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of protocols that governs
how two applications interact with each other.
▪ Websites often embed functions such as maps, spreadsheets, etc.
▪ Websites do not create these functions independently.
▪ Instead, the (API) is used to include these functionalities within a website.
▪ For example, Google has created API, which various business websites use
to include their address in the ‘contact us’ menu.
▪ A web application that uses API from various sources is called a mashup.
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Thick- vs. thin- client


computing
▪ The term thickness refers to the independent processing and storage of
a client in a client-server model.
▪ A thick client processes most of its data and requires little help from the
server.

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Thick-client
Advantages Disadvantages
• Operates without server • Expensive to install as it
connection requires highly specialised
computers at client side.
• Robust and reliable
• Software has to be installed at
• Used for powerful software
each client computer and
applications
maintained regularly.

• Data is distributed hence,


integrity issues may arise.
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Thin-client computing
▪ A thin client is highly dependent on the server for data processing and
storage.
▪ Without server, the functionality of thin client will be affected.
▪ The thinnest client that requires server for most of its operations will
only require minimum processing power and no storage.
▪ This type of client system are often referred to as a dumb terminal.

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Advantages Disadvantages
Thin-client • Easy and inexpensive to set • Client computers are
up affected when server
malfunctions
• Easy to update and maintain
the client systems • Setting up of a highly
efficient server is expensive
• Data is secured at a
centralised location • Highly reliable network
connections are required

• When number of client


computers increases, the
performance of this model
may be teachcomputerscience.com
affected.
32

Let’s review some concepts


Cloud computing webpages Types of websites
The use of hardware and A webpage is a document that Static: Designed to show
software to deliver a service can be viewed in web information and do not have
over a network such as the browsers. options for users to input data.
Internet is called cloud
Dynamic: Allow users to input
computing.
and process data online.

Front-End / Client-side Back-End / Server-side API

User interfaces and scripts A server-side script is processed A set of protocols that governs
that are executed on a user’s on the web server when the user how two applications interact
computer. requests information. with each other.

Programming languages: Programming languages:


HTML, CSS and JavaScript PHP, Python, Ruby and Java

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Activity

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Activity-1
Duration: 15 minutes

1. Create a list of examples of software or applications that implement


cloud computing. Specify the function of each.

Example Function

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End of topic questions

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End of topic questions


1. How is a peer-to-peer network model different from a client-
server model?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing?
3. How is a static website different from a dynamic website?
4. What software applications are used to create the front-end and
back-end of a website?

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End of topic questions


5. What is the difference between a thick-client and a thin-client?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a thick-client
computing system?
7. Why is it important to validate data on the:
i. Client-side?
ii. Server-side?

teachcomputerscience.com

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