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Bus Arbitration

The document discusses different methods of bus arbitration when multiple devices need access to the bus. It describes daisy chain arbitration where there is a serial priority scheme. Each device checks the grant signal in order until one accepts it. This method is simple but slow. It then covers centralized parallel arbitration which uses separate request and grant lines for each device. The bus controller can immediately identify requesting devices and quickly grant access to the highest priority one. This method allows for faster arbitration.

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ANSHIKA VASHISTHA 21GCEBIT115
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91 views18 pages

Bus Arbitration

The document discusses different methods of bus arbitration when multiple devices need access to the bus. It describes daisy chain arbitration where there is a serial priority scheme. Each device checks the grant signal in order until one accepts it. This method is simple but slow. It then covers centralized parallel arbitration which uses separate request and grant lines for each device. The bus controller can immediately identify requesting devices and quickly grant access to the highest priority one. This method allows for faster arbitration.

Uploaded by

ANSHIKA VASHISTHA 21GCEBIT115
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-1 : LECTURE -3

BUS ARBITRATION
BUS ARBITRATION
oOne of the most important issue in BUS design:
oHow is the BUS reserved by a device that whishes to use it.
oMaster-slave arrangement.
oOnly the bus master can control access to the BUS:
It initiate and control all BUS request.
A slave responds to read and write requests.
oThe simplest system
processor is the only BUS master
All BUS request must be controlled by the processor
Major drawback: the processor is involved in every
transaction.
ARBITRATION OF MULTIPLE POTENTIAL BUS MASTERS

oBUS arbitration scheme usually try to balance two factors.


oBUS priority:-the highest priority device must be served first.
oFairness: even the lowest priority device should never be completely
locked out by BUS.
oBUS arbitration scheme can be divided into for classes.
oThe DAISY CHAIN.
oCentralized parallel arbitration.
•Daisy chain arbitration is a serial
priority arbitration.
•Daisy chain arbitration is use for
arbitrating peripherals.
• In daisy chain arbitration there is a
one grant signal bus is connected
to each of the bus master or device.
• Also two other buses i.e. bus
request and bus busy is also
connected to through bus master or
device.
• Serially a fixed priority is set from devices
which are nearer to bus arbitrator to
devices which far from bus arbitrator.
•Only one communication can
occur on a bus at a time.
•When bus request is received
to bus arbitrator it gives bus
grant signal.
• Then the first device check bus grant signal if it
had made bus request or not if first device made
the request then it accept it and if not then it pass
the bus grant signal to second device.
• Advantage of this method is only
three buses is required i.e. bus
grant, bus request and bus busy.
•It have simple interface.
• Disadvantage of this method is that it
is slow because each device have
check
to signal serially according to
priority.
• Debugging and diagnosis is
not possible with daisy chain
arbitration.
CENTRALIZED PARALLEL
ARBITRATION.
POLLING..
.
Independent Requesting

° There are separate BUS REQUEST and BUS GRANT lines for every device that are
sharing bus.

° In this, bus controller has the capability of immediate identifying all the requesting
devices.

° Bus controller responds rapidly to the request by determining the highest priority device
that has sent the bus request.

° This priority is programmable and is predetermined.

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