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    Mycology

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    Gian
    This document discusses mycology and the characteristics and classification of fungi. It notes that fungi have rigid cell walls, are non-photosynthetic, and reproduce both sexually and asexually. There are over 400 medically important fungi, with less than 50 responsible for most human fungal infections. Fungi play important roles in nature by breaking down organic matter. They are also used to make foods like bread and beer and medicines like penicillin. The document describes the structures of molds and yeasts and how they can take different forms. It outlines several modes of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi including spore formation.

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    Mycology

    Uploaded by

    Gian
    22 views64 pages
    This document discusses mycology and the characteristics and classification of fungi. It notes that fungi have rigid cell walls, are non-photosynthetic, and reproduce both sexually and asexually. There are over 400 medically important fungi, with less than 50 responsible for most human fungal infections. Fungi play important roles in nature by breaking down organic matter. They are also used to make foods like bread and beer and medicines like penicillin. The document describes the structures of molds and yeasts and how they can take different forms. It outlines several modes of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi including spore formation.

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    mycology (1)

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    This document discusses mycology and the characteristics and classification of fungi. It notes that fungi have rigid cell walls, are non-photosynthetic, and reproduce both sexually and asexually. There are over 400 medically important fungi, with less than 50 responsible for most human fungal infections. Fungi play important roles in nature by breaking down organic matter. They are also used to make foods like bread and beer and medicines like penicillin. The document describes the structures of molds and yeasts and how they can take different forms. It outlines several modes of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi including spore formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views64 pages

    Mycology

    Uploaded by

    Gian
    This document discusses mycology and the characteristics and classification of fungi. It notes that fungi have rigid cell walls, are non-photosynthetic, and reproduce both sexually and asexually. There are over 400 medically important fungi, with less than 50 responsible for most human fungal infections. Fungi play important roles in nature by breaking down organic matter. They are also used to make foods like bread and beer and medicines like penicillin. The document describes the structures of molds and yeasts and how they can take different forms. It outlines several modes of asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi including spore formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 64

    Mycology

    Objectives

    ● General characteristics of fungi


    ● General properties and
    classification of fungi
    ● Reproduction
    Sources

    Jawetz Melnick & Adelbergs


    Medical Microbiology 27 E
    General characteristics of Fungi
    The science of fungi is known as
    “mycology”
    Includes yeasts, molds, fleshy fungi
    Fungi are non-motile, with rigid cell
    walls, non photosynthetic
    400 medically important and
    <50 are responsible for fungal
    infections in humans, most are
    beneficial
    Reside in nature and
    responsible in breaking down
    and recycling of organic matter
    Bread, cheese and beer
    Antibiotics (penicillin) and
    immunosuppressive drugs
    (cyclosporine)
    Eukaryotic microorganisms
    ● This cell has one nucleus with a nuclear
    membrane, endoplasmic reticulum,
    mitochondria and a secretory apparatus
    Obligate or Facultative aerobes
    Chemotrophic
    ● Obtains energy through chemical
    process called chemosynthesis
    ● contains secreting enzyme that
    degrades organic substrates
    Vegetative structures

    Thallus- body of molds, fleshy


    fungi
    Hyphae-basic structural units
    Mycelium-intertwined hyphae
    GENERAL PROPERTIES,
    AND CLASSIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI
    Two basic forms

    Molds-25-30C
    Yeasts-35-37C
    Molds

    Occurs by production of
    multicellular branching
    cylindrical tubules called
    hyphae
    Mycelium
    ●root-like structure of a fungus consisting
    of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae
    ●Mass of intertwined hyphae that
    accumulates during active growth
    Vegetative mycelium - penetrates the
    substrate and absorbs nutrients
    Reproductive mycelium - projects
    above the mycelium for reproduction
    Septate
    ●A thin wall or membrane that separates two
    parts, structures, or individual organisms
    ●Hyphae divide by cross-walls, forms regular
    intervals during hyphal growth (penicillium)
    Aseptate
    ● No cross walls present
    (mucor)
    Growth rate, macroscopic
    appearance and microscopic
    morphology are sufficient to
    determine its genus species
    Yeast

    Single cells, spherical or ellipsoid in shape


    Reproduce by budding
    ●Lateral or terminal protrusion of new cell wall
    growth that enlarges during mitosis
    ●1 yeast cell can produce up to 24 daughter cells
    Soft, opaque, cream-colored, 1-3 mm in size
    Psuedohyphae - Buds that fail
    to detach, producing short
    chain of cells
    Dimorphic fungi
    Sometimes they behave as mold,
    sometimes they behave like yeast
    Can produce via budding in yeastform
    and through mycelium in moldform
    • H. capsulatum
    • C. immitis
    • B. dermatitis
    • P. braziliensis
    • S. schenckii
    Modes of Reproduction
    Reproductive structures

    Fungal spores
    ● Functions primarily for reproduction
    ● Formed from aerial mycelium in
    different ways depending on the
    species
    2 types

    ● Asexual spores - formed w/o


    nuclear fusion by aerial mycelium
    of 1 organism
    ● Sexual spores - produced by the
    fusion of 2 gametes
    Asexual spores

    Arthrospores
    - Fragmentation of hyphae into
    slightly thickened cells
    Asexual spores

    Blastospores
    -Consist of bud coming off
    from the parent cell
    Asexual spores

    Chlamydospores
    -Enlargement of hyphal cells,
    concentration of
    protoplasmic/nutrient material
    Asexual spores

    Conidiospores
    -Unicellular/multicellular spores
    enclosed in a sac, produced in
    chain at the end of a conidiophore
    Asexual spores

    Sporangiospores
    -Spores w/in a sac at the end
    of an aerial hypae
    Sexual Spores

    Ascospores
    -Spores produced in a saclike
    structure called ascus
    Sexual Spores

    Basidiospores
    -Formed externally on a base
    pedestal called “basidium”
    Sexual Spores

    Zygospores
    -Formed by conjugation
    between 2 morphologically
    identical cells
    Sexual Spores

    Oospores
    -Formed by heterogeneous
    fertilization or fusion between
    unlike or dissimilar cells
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