LEARNER GUIDE

Grader TICKET

Training support material for:

RIIMPO324F
Conduct civil construction grader operations
Produced by:
 Contents
4
Language – Literacy – Numeracy (LLN)
6
Acknowledgements
7
Introduction to grader
10
General information
13
Chapter 1 Plan and prepare for work 21
Chapter 2 Identify and control hazards 46
Chapter 3 Check and monitor equipment 88
Chapter 4 Operate/use equipment 115
Chapter 5 Shut down and store equipment 147
Chapter 6 Maintain equipment 155
Chapter 7 Housekeeping 174
Chapter 8 Record keeping 179
Chapter 9 Relocate equipment 181
Chapter 10 Attachments 188
 Introduction to Grader

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 INTRODUCTION TO GRADER

Introduction to grader
• A grader is a self-propelled articulating or rigid framed wheeled
machine, designed to cut, move and place construction materials
using a centrally mounted blade and may include forward and/or
rear mounted rippers/scarifiers.
• The blade and attachment controls are normally hydraulic;
however, they may be mechanical.

What industries do you use a grader in?

• Civil construction

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 INTRODUCTION TO GRADER

An example of a grader

Engine

Rollover protective structure

Cab

Lift cylinder

Ripper
Frame

Circl
e Tandem drive housing

Circle drawbar

Mold board
Steering cylinder Cutting edge

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 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Plan and prepare for

work Chapter 1

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PC 1.1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Work Health & Safety Legislative Requirements

‘Laws to keep your workplace safe’

WHS/OHS requirements are outlined in Acts, Regulations,
Codes of Practice and Australian Standards.

WHS/OHS Acts
‘WHS/OHS Acts’ are laws that explain how to improve health
and safety in the workplace.
For example: Model National WHS Act.
WHS has the same meaning as OHS in this document.

Regulations
‘Regulations’ explain specific parts of the Act.
For example: Part 4.3 – Confined spaces, Part 4.4 – Falls.

Codes of Practice/Compliance Codes

‘Codes of Practice’ are practical guidelines on how to comply with (meet the rules of) legislation.
For example: HAZARDOUS MANUAL TASKS Code of Practice.

Australian Standards
‘Australian Standards’ are work guidelines that set the minimum accepted performance or quality
for a specific hazard, process or product.
For example: AS 2550 – Cranes, hoists and winches – safe use set.

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PC 1.1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 2 • WHS/OHS Act

• Regulations
What are some examples
of documentation you • Codes of Practice
should read before doing • Australian Standards
earthmoving work? (AS 2958 Earthmoving machinery)
• Manufacturer’s specifications
• Operator’s manual for your machine
• Site requirements and procedures
• Company policies and procedures for Employment and
workplace relations, Equal opportunity and disability.

QUESTION 3 The operator’s manual tells you how to operate your machine.
The manual also tells you about maintenance (how to keep
Why should you
your machine working well).
check the operator’s
manual before using
earthmoving equipment?

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PC 1.1 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 4 Codes of practice are practical guidelines on how to comply or

follow the rules in legislation/laws.
What do codes of
practice explain? For example:
A traffic management code of practice will tell you all the rules a
traffic controller must follow. Such as a traffic controller must
have a zero percent blood/alcohol concentration/reading while
performing traffic control duties.

QUESTION 5 Australian standards are work

guidelines that set the minimum
What do Australian accepted performance or quality for a
Standards explain? specific hazard process or product.
For example: AS2550.1—
Powerline distances
This standard tells you the distances you
can safely work near powerlines on
poles and towers.

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PC 1.2 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Worksite requirements
Examples of documents your employer should provide include:
• Safety plan for the site
• Emergency procedures, for example a site evacuation plan
• Environmental management plan for the job.

Emergency evacuation plan

Many worksites have an emergency evacuation plan which is
displayed on the notice board.
You should make sure you know how to interpret this plan.
For example, start by looking for a ‘You are here’ sticker on
the plan drawing. Note how nearby areas are shown on the
plan. Then work out where the emergency exit is – on the
plan and in real life.

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PC 1.7 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

First aid and emergencies

Employers should make sure there are trained first aiders and first aid kits available.
The employer should make sure:
• The first aid kits are checked, maintained and kept in a clean dry place
• There are clear signs indicating the location of first aid kits
• They have recorded and displayed the numbers and location for emergency services (or
local doctors or hospitals).

Reporting incidents
As a PCBU, employer or self-employed person you must report serious incidents to the
SafeWork authority in your state.
You must give a written report within 48 hours if any of the following happen on a site you
are controlling:
A death An injury that requires Exposure to Other injuries or health
medical treatment a substance issues caused from a
that requires workplace incident.
treatment

The authorities may send an inspector to come and examine the site. You must leave the site as it is, unless you need to; protect people,
help an injured worker, make the site safe, or stop other incidents happening. The inspector will tell you when you can continue
working normally.
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PC 1.7 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 6 Telephone Fire extinguishers

What equipment should

be on site to deal with an
emergency?

First aid kit Incident reporting forms

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PC 1.1, 1.2, 1.8 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 8 • Plans – what you need to do

• Specifications – rules and details about the job
What kinds of information
do you need before • Operational details – how you will do the job
starting work?
• Quality requirements of the job – the standards
you are expected to meet.

QUESTION 9 • To make sure you will not get in

the way of other jobs being done
When planning your job,
why do you need to know • To make sure you know what
what other people are others are doing near where you
doing on site? must work.

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PC 1.2 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 10 Work instructions explain:

What do the job’s work

instructions explain? What to do in unexpected What the job is Where the job is
situations like bad weather

How to do the How long the What tools How to do the

job safely job will take and equipment job from start
you need to finish

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PC 1.5, 4.2 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 11 Stop/slow bats High visibility vests Radios

What equipment may

be used in a traffic
control plan?

Barricades Cones Bollards

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PC 1.5, 4.2 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 12 It tells you how to control vehicles in and around the worksite. It helps keep the site safe for
you and others.
What does the traffic You may require a traffic control licence in your state or territory.
management plan (TMP)
tell you?

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PC 1.5, 4.2 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

QUESTION 13 You can:

What can you do to control
traffic in and around
a worksite? Use flashing lights

Close footpaths nearby

Put up barricades
or witches hats
Close roads or one or
two lanes of a road

Put up warning signs

Set up detours
Use a traffic control person (to control
traffic on a public road, you must be a
qualified traffic controller)

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PC 1.8 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Communication
You need to communicate with people on a work site before you start work. This is important to help you follow the rules and
work procedures for the site.

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PC 1.8 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Choosing the right communication method

When you work with a grader, you will often have to work with other people. Communication is important to make sure you get the job
done. There are some different ways of communicating. Some of these are:

Written instructions Signs Hand signals

For example, job plans and Safe Work These can include warning signs
Method Statements

Asking questions and listening Two-way radios

This is very important because it helps These are common on worksites.
you understand how to do your job If you are using them, always
safely. make sure they are working
properly before you start the job.
Check the batteries have enough
charge and check you have the
right channel to communicate
with your workmates.

You need to choose the best way to communicate on the job you are doing. Do this when you are planning the job.

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PC 1.8 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Communicating with people

By communicating, you will also find out what hazards to watch for. This will help keep you and others to stay safe. Some of the
people you might talk to about site hazards are:

Your supervisor or team leader Workmates

Site engineers OHS representatives or safety officers

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PC 1.8 PLAN AND PREPARE FOR WORK

Communication – shift handovers

Handovers happen anytime one worker (or team of workers) takes over the job from another. For example, when one shift ends
and another one starts. During the handover, the worker, or workers, leaving the job must give details about the job to the worker,
or workers, taking over.
Some of the things that should be talked about during a handover include:
• Hazard and hazard controls; for this you might use the JSA or SWMS
• Any problems with the job
• How complete the job is; for this you might use the job plan
• What part of the job has to be done next?

During handovers, keep in mind cultural differences.

For example, someone might have English as their second
language. Take extra care to make sure they understand
what you are telling them. Always follow the handover
procedures for your worksite.

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 Identify and control hazards
Chapter 2

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