The Good Life
Science, Technology & Society
TABING, RAINNE KEITH
V.
Table of contents
What is human
01 Introduction 03
existence?
What is a good What is a public
02 04
life? good?
01.
Introduction
About Aristotle
Aristotle
Aristotle
Who is he?
• Ancient Greek philosopher
• Known for his natural philosophy,
logic, and political theory
More on Aristotle:
• One of the greatest thinkers in
history of western science and
philosophy
• First to classify areas of human
knowledge into distinct disciplines
More on Aristotle:
Founder Nicomachean Ethics
All human activities aim at some good. Every art and
Founder of the Lyceum, first
human inquiry and every action and pursuit is thought
scientific institute in Athens,
to aim at some good; good has been rightly declared
Greece
as that at which all things aim
Advocate Human Knowledge
First to classify areas of human
One of the strongest advocates of a
knowledge into distinct
liberal arts education
disciplines
02.
What is a good life?
Three Dominant Ideas on what
a good life is:
The Moral Life
Socrates & Plato
The Fulfilled Life
Aristotle
The Life of Pleasure
Epicurus
A Moral Life is a Good Life
Socrates & Plato
In this concept, one who has a good life is
someone who possesses and practices most
of the important virtues such as kindness,
courage, loyalty and generosity
A Moral Life is a Good Life
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
Examining
Reflecting and questioning the nature of
things is important to have a good life
1 2 3 5
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Servitude
To others is important
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Control
One must contorl his/her passions and desires
26 27 28 29 30
through reason in order to have a good life
The Fulfilled Life is a Good Life
Aristotle
For someone to have a good life, he or she:
• Must be morally virtuous
• Have good health and long life
• Should be prosperious
• Must have good friends
• Should respect others
• Must have good luck
• Must use his or her talents, abilities, and
capacities
A Life of Pleasure is a Good Life
Epicurus
• Concept: Life is worth living because of
pleasures
• The view that pleasures will lead to good
life is known as hedonism
• He also believed that one should not lose
him/herself to pleasures
Epicurus believed that one should not lose itself to pleasures because:
01
● This will diminish one’s pleasures in the long run
02
● There are other more important pleasures to consider such as
friendship and education
03
● Everyone should live a virtuous life
What is meant by good life?
Living
Living in comfort and luxury with few problems or worries
Characterized
Characterized by happiness from living and doing well
Contentment
Being content with one’s life
What is eudaimonia?
Word Good life Flourish
● Greek word eu meaning ● Refers to good life marked ● Flourishing life filled with
good and daimon meaning by happiness and excellence meaningful endeavors that
spirit empower the human person
to be the best version of
him/herself
Aristotle’s view of good life
Activity • Belief – good for humans is the max
realization of what was unique to humans
Activity of the soul in accordance • Good for humans = to reason well
with virtue • Task of reason – teach humans how to act
virtuously and to exercise faculties in
accordance with virtue
Virtue
Behavior
Showing high moral standards. “The simple virtue and integrity of pleasant
life”
Paragons Of virtue
Synonyms
Goodness, virtuousness, righteousness, morality, dignity, reclitude, honesty,
honor, decency, nobility, trustworthiness, purity, lack of corruption, high
principles, ethics
Nicomachean Ethics
2:1
Virtue, then, being two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual
virtue in the main owes its birth and growth in teaching (for its
reason it requires experience and time). While moral virtue comes
about as a result of habit
What are these Virtues?
The Virtues:
Intellectual Virtue Moral Virtue
• Theoretical wisdom (thinking and • Controlled by practical wisdom
truth) (ability to make right judgement)
• Practical wisdom • Owed its development to how one
• Understanding: experience and time nurtured it as habit
are necessary requirements for the • Can be learned
dev’t of intellectual virtue
03.
What is human existence?
Happiness to Aristotle
“Happiness depends on ourselves”
Central purpose of human life and a goal in itself
Depends on the cultivation of virtue
A genuinely happy life required the fulfillment of a
broad range of conditions, including physical as well as
mental well-being
Happiness as the Ultimate Purpose of Human
Existence
01
● HAPPINESS is a FINAL END or goal that encompasses the
totality of one’s life
02
● It is NOT something that can be GAINED OR LOST in a few
hours, like pleasurable sensations
03
● It’s more like the ULTIMATE VALUE of your life as lived up to
this moment, measuring how well you have lived up to your full
potential as a human being
Science & Technology and Good Life
Movement Expression Thrive
S&T is the movement towards S&T are one of the highest S&T allow us to thrive and
good life expressions of human faculties flourish IF we desire it
Science & Technology and Good Life
Corruption Help
S&T may corrupt a person S&T with virtue can help an
individual to be out of danger
One must find the truth about what
the good is before one can even try to
locate that which is good
—Aristotle
04.
What is a public good?
Public Good
[ˈpəblik ɡo͝od]
A commodity or service that is made
available to all members of a society,
typically administered by
governments and paid for
collectively through taxation
How Public Goods Work
Nonrivalrous Non-excludable
Goods do not dwindle in supply as The good is available to all citizens
more people consume them
Free-rider problem
It is possible for some members of society to use the good despite refusing to pay for it
Ex: people who do not pay taxes get a “free ride” on revenues provided by those who pay them
Private Good vs. Public Good
01 Both excludable and rivalrous
Goods can only be used by one person at a time (e.g. wedding
02
ring)
Not subject to the free- rider problem but also not available to
03
everyone
Public Good
Example of Public Good
• Many countries invest heavily in military, financing and
army upkeep, weapons purchases, and research and
development through public taxation
• Others on social services such as healthcare and public
education
What counts as a public good?
• Varies based on country but generally includes services
such as nationa; defense or the police, basic essentials
such as clean air and water
What is a Quasi-Public Good?
Have elements of both public and private goods
Such as a public bridge available to all, but loses value when it
becomes congested during rush hour
Thank you!
The Good Life - STS
TABING, RAINNE KEITH
V.
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