3 Laws of Motion

Three Laws of Motion
• By Sir Isaac Newton

1. Law of Inertia
2. Law of Acceleration
3. Law of Interaction
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
• Law of inertia
– Inertia
• Tendency of an object to resist change in its
motion
• State of an object does not change as long
as the net force acting on it is zero
• An object at rest stays at rest, an object in
motion stays in motion at the same direction
and speed (until something acts on it)
• The greater the mass the greater the
inertia.
– Mass
• Measure of inertia of an object and
depends on the amount of matter the
object contains
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
• Law of acceleration
• The acceleration of an object is equal to the
net force acting on it divided by the objects
mass
F = ma
Force = mass * acceleration
• The acceleration of an object is always in
the same direction as the net force
• Net forces in the opposite direction of
object’s motion
– Force produces deceleration and reduces speed
– Ex. Seat belts
• Units for Acceleration are equivalent
– N/kg=m/s2
Newton’s 2 Law
nd
of Motion
Weight and Mass
• Weight & Mass are Different
• Weight
– The force of gravity acting on an object
– Product of the mass and acceleration due
to gravity
– Unit is Newtons (N)
Weight and Mass
1.A boy pushes forward a cart of groceries with a
total mass of 40.0 kg. What is the acceleration of
the cart if the net force on the cart is 60.0 N?
a=F/m
= 60.0 N/40.0 kg
= 1.50 m/s2
• 2.What is the upward acceleration of a helicopter

with a mass of 5000 kg if a force of 10,000 N acts
on it in an upward
a=F/m direction?
= 10000 N/5000 Kkg
= 2 m/s2
3.An automobile with a mass of 1200 kg accelerates
at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 in the forward direction.
What is the net force acting on the automobile?
(Hint: Solve the acceleration formula for force.)
a=F/m F=ma
= 1200 kg(3.0 m/s2)
= 3600 N
4.A 25-N force accelerates a boy in a wheelchair at
0.5 m/s2 What is the mass of the boy and the
wheelchair? (Hint: Solve Newton's second law for
mass.) a=F/m m=F/a
= 25 N/0.50 m/s2
= 50 k/=g
Section 2 Practice Problems
6.During a test crash, an air bag inflates to stop a
dummy's forward motion. The dummy's mass is
75 kg. If the net force on the dummy is 825 N
toward the rear of the car, what is the dummy's
deceleration?
a=F/m
= 825 N / 75 kg
= 11 m/s2
Section 2 Practice Problems
7.A bicycle takes 8.0 seconds to accelerate at a
constant rate from rest to a speed of 4.0 m/s. If
the mass of the bicycle and rider together is 85 kg,
what is the net force acting on the bicycle? (Hint:
First calculate the acceleration.)
a=(vf-vi)/t
= (4.0 m/s) / 8.0 s
= 0.50 m/s2
F=ma
= 85 kg x 0.50 m/s2
= 43 N
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion &
Momentum
• 3rd Law – when an object exerts a force on a
second object, that object exerts an equal
and opposite force on the first object
• Momentum
– Product of an object’s mass and its velocity
– Objects momentum at rest is zero
– Unit kg m/s
Law of Conservation of Momentum
• If no net force acts on a system, then the
total momentum of the system does not
change
• In a closed system, loss of momentum of one
object equals the gain in momentum of
another object
Law of Conservation of Momentum
Universal Forces
• Electromagnetic – associated with charged
particles.
• Electric force and magnetic force are the
only forces that can both attract and repel.
– Electric forces act between charged objects or
particles such as electrons or protons.
– Magnetic forces act on certain metals, on the
poles of magnets, and on moving charges.
– **Universal forces = do not need to be in contact
– forces act over a distance
Universal Forces
• Nuclear forces – one strong and one weak –
hold the nucleus of atoms together and keep
the positive protons from repelling each
other and destroying the atom
– Strong nuclear force acts only on neutrons and
protons in a nucleus – holds them together. Acts
at a longer range than weak nuclear forces.
– Weak nuclear force acts only over a short range
Universal Forces
• Gravitational Force – an attractive force
acting between any two masses
– Gravitational force depends on two factors:
mass and distance apart
– More mass or less distance = more gravity
– Gravity acts over LARGE distances
– Weakest universal force
Universal Forces
• Centripetal force – center-directed force
that continuously changes the direction of
an object to make it move in a circle
• Centrifugal force (centrifuge) doesn’t
actually exist in science!
• Earth’s gravitational attraction keeps the
moon in an orbit around the Earth. This
gives us tides. Similarly to how the moon
orbits Earth, satellites are able to orbit!
The tendency of objects to resist a change in motion is called: c
a. Friction b. Velocity c. Inertia d. Acceleration
Inertia is measured by its __________ . c
a. speed b. velocity c. mass d. all of these
Acceleration of an object will increase as the net force increases depending on its
________________.
a. mass b. shape c. density d. volume a
4. What is the formula used for Newton’s second law of motion? c
a. momentum= mass x velocity
b. speed= distance divided time
c. force= mass x acceleration
d. velocity= acceleration x time
How could you keep an objects acceleration the same if the force acting on the object
were doubled? b
a. decrease the inertia
b. increase the objects mass
c. decrease the objects mass
d. increase the inertia
Which of the following objects has the greatest inertia? d
a. ping pong ball c. a soft ball
b. a golf ball d. a bowling ball

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Three Laws of Motion

• By Sir Isaac Newton

• 2.What is the upward acceleration of a helicopter

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