Unit 6: Quadratics

Lesson 4: Quadratic Functions

Teacher: Mr. Lee
 Unit 6: Quadratics

 Chapters 12, 20
 Chapter 12  Chapter 20
 Solving through  Quadratic Functions
factoring  Graphs of quadratics
 Completing the square  Axes Intercepts
 The quadratic formula  Axis of Symmetry
 Problem Solving  Vertex
 Quadratic Optimization
 Problem Solving
 When practical problems are converted into algebraic form,
quadratic equations may result:

 Process:
 1) Carefully read the question. (Sketch if necessary)
 2) G – Givens (what are they?)
 3) U – Unknowns (what are you looking for?)
 4) E – Equation (what equation are you using?)
 5) S – Substitute (replace your unknowns with your givens)
 6) S – Solve (isolate and solve for your unknown)
 Problem Solving
 The sum of a number and its square is 42. Find the number:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 =𝑥 (𝑥)+(𝑥 )=42 2

2
𝑥 + 𝑥=42
Check by substituting 2
your answers back into 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 42=0
the original formula
(𝑥+7)(𝑥 −6 )=0
The number could be a
-7 or a 6
 Problem Solving
 The sum of 2 numbers is 6, and the sum of their squares is 28. Find
the numbers exactly.

𝑥=6− 𝑦 ¿
1𝑠𝑡𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟=𝑥
2𝑛𝑑𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟=𝑦 36−12 𝑦+ 𝑦 +𝑦 =28
(6− 𝑦)(6−𝑦)+𝑦 =28
2
2
2
𝑥+𝑦=6 2
2
𝑥 +𝑦 =28 2 36−12 𝑦+2 𝑦 −28=0
2
2 𝑦 −12 𝑦+8=0
 Problem Solving
 The sum of 2 numbers is 6, and the sum of their squares is 28. Fid
the number exactly.
2
2 𝑦 −12 𝑦 +8=0
1𝑠𝑡𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟=𝑥
2𝑛𝑑𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟=𝑦
2
2(𝑦 − 6 𝑦 +4)=0
𝑥+𝑦 =6 Not factorable!!!
Use: Quadratic Formula
2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 =28
−𝑏± √ 𝑏 −4 𝑎𝑐
2
𝑥=
 Problem Solving
2
2 𝑦 −12 𝑦 +8=0

𝑎=2𝑏=−12𝑐=8
− 𝑏± √ 𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐
2
𝑥=
2𝑎
√
Using the Quadratic Formula

𝑥=−(−12)± √ ¿¿¿
12 ± √ 144 − 64
𝑥=
4
12 ± √ 80
𝑥=
4
Using the Quadratic Formula

12± √ 80
𝑥=
4
12± 4 √ 5
𝑥=
4
The 2 numbers are 3 + √5
and 3 - √5
 Problem Solving - Geometry
 A rectangle has length 5 cm greater than its width, and its
area is 84 cm2. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

𝐴=𝑙𝑤

84=(𝑥+5)𝑥
2
84=𝑥 +5 𝑥
2
0=𝑥 +5 𝑥 − 84
 Problem Solving - Geometry
 A rectangle has length 5 cm greater than its width, and its
area is 84 cm2. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

2
0=𝑥 +5 𝑥 − 84
0=(𝑥 +12)(𝑥 − 7)

𝑥=−12𝑂𝑅𝑥=7
But! A length cannot by
negative. So, x must be 7 cm
 Problem Solving - Geometry
 A rectangle has length 5cm greater than its width, and its
area is 84cm2. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

But! A length cannot by

negative. So, x must be 7 cm

Width = 7 cm
Length = 12 cm
 Goals for Today

 Quadratic Functions

 Graphs of Quadratic Functions

 Finding y given x
 For any value of x, the corresponding value of y can be found by
substitution into the function equation

 Suppose y = 2x2 + 4x – 5. Find the value of y when:

𝑥=0 𝑥=3
𝑦 =2𝑦
¿=2 ¿
𝑦 =0+0 −5 𝑦 =2 ⋅9+12 −5
𝑦 =−5 𝑦 =25
𝑦 =18+12 −5
 Using your calculator
 Utilizing your TI-84,  Ensure that you are using
input the quadratic the correct buttons for
equation into the *negatives* and the X for
equation editor: the variable:
 Using your calculator
 Choose the graph  You may need to double-
option to view the check your “Window” to
equation on the ensure that you can see the
Cartesian plane graph
 Using your calculator
 Remember that you can  Use the table values of x
graph the function by and y to graph your
accessing the TABLE function quadratic onto your
by pressing 2nd then graph Cartesian Plane
 Finding x given y
 When we substitute a value for y, we are left with a quadratic equation
which we need to solve for x
 As the equation is quadratic, there are 0, 1, or 2 possible values for x
 Suppose y = x2 - 6x + 8. Find the value(s) of x when:

𝑦=15 𝑦=−1
2 2
15=𝑥 −6 𝑥+8 −1=𝑥 −6 𝑥+8
2 2
0=𝑥 −6 𝑥 −7 0=𝑥 −6 𝑥 +9
0=(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥+1) 0=(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 −3)
𝑥=3
 Using your calculator
 Return to the equation  Input a secondary equation
editor for your that you are hoping to
equation intersect
 Using your calculator
 Choose the graph  Change your  Choose a number
option to see both window to see both that will fit both
graphs graphs graphs on the
appropriate scale
 Using your calculator
 Return to graph  Choose the  Press ‘enter’,
“Intersect” ‘enter’ and ‘enter’
function from 2nd (total of 3 times)
and Calc
 Using your calculator
 To find the other POI,  Choose the  Press ‘enter’,
do the intersect function “Intersect” ‘enter’ and ‘enter’
again, but closer to the function from 2nd (total of 3 times)
other POI and Calc
 Determining Satisfaction
 If an ordered pair satisfies a quadratic function, it is considered that the
coordinate is on the function

𝑦=6 𝑥 −10 (0,4)

2
(−0.5 ,−4
4 =6
4=0−10
¿ − 4=−
−4=−1−3
4 ¿
4=−10 − 4=− 4
Does not satisfy Does satisfy
(0,4) is NOT on the function (-0.5,-4) is on the function
 Word Problems
 A stone is thrown into the air. Its height above the ground is given
by the function metres, where t is the time in seconds from when
the stone is thrown

 How high is the stone above the ground after 3 seconds?

𝑡=3 h(𝑡 )=− 5 ¿

h(𝑡)=−5⋅9+90+2
h(𝑡)=− 45+92 The stone is 47 metres above
h(𝑡)=47
the ground at 3 seconds
 Word Problems
 A stone is thrown into the air. Its height above the ground is given
by the function metres, where t is the time in seconds from when
the stone is thrown

 From what height above the ground was the stone released?

𝑡=0 h(𝑡 )=− 5 ¿

h(𝑡)=0+0+2
h(𝑡)=2
The stone is released 2
metres from the ground
 Word Problems
 A stone is thrown into the air. Its height above the ground is given
by the function metres, where t is the time in seconds from when
the stone is thrown

 At what times is the stone 27 m above the ground?

h=27 2
27=−5𝑡2 +30𝑡+2
0=−5𝑡 +30𝑡 −25
2
𝑡=5𝑜𝑟𝑡=1
0=−5(𝑡 −6𝑡+5) The stone is 27 metres at
0=−5(𝑡 −5)(𝑡 −1) 1 second and 5 seconds
 Graphs of Quadratic Functions
 The graph is called a parabola
 The simplest quadratic function is

X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y

 The graph has a minimum at (0, 0)

 This turning point is known as the vertex
 Drawing Graphs Examples
 Draw the graph of using a table from
 to
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 3

𝑓 ( − 3 )=¿
𝑓𝑓 (−
(−3)=9−6−3
3)=0
 Drawing Graphs Examples
 Draw the graph of using a table from
 to

2
𝑓 (𝑥)=−𝑥 +2𝑥+1
𝑓 (−3)=−¿
𝑓 (−3)=−9−6+1
X
𝑓 (−3)=−14
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Y -14 -7 -2 1 2 1 -2
 Main Ideas for Transformations

2
𝑦=𝑎 𝑥
 If a > 0, open upwards

2
𝑦=𝑎 𝑥
 If a < 0, open downwards

2 2
𝑦=𝑎 𝑥 𝑦=𝑥
 If a < -1 or a > 1, then is “thinner” than

2 2
𝑦=𝑎 𝑥 𝑦=𝑥
 If -1 < a < 1, then is “wider” than

@ 2021 - Ian Lee

 Summing up the main ideas

@ 2021 - Ian Lee

 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
y
𝑦=𝑥 -3
9
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9

2
x
y
𝑦 =𝑥 +3
-3
12
@ 2021 - Ian Lee
-2
7
-1
4
0
3
1
4
2
7
3
12
Vertex is
at (0, 3)
 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
𝑦 =𝑥-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

x
𝑦 =¿
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Vertex is
y 0
@ 2021 - Ian Lee 1 4 9 16 25 36 at (-3, 0)
 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
y
𝑦=𝑥 -3
9
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9

Vertex is

𝑦 =¿
at (2, 3)
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 27
@ 2021 - Ian Lee 19 12 7 4 3 4
 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
𝑦 =𝑥
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

x -3
𝑦 =¿ -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Vertex is
at (-2, -5)
y -4
@ 2021 - Ian Lee -5 -4 -1 4 11 20
 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
𝑦 =𝑥
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9

2
𝑦 =3 𝑥
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Vertex is
y 27
@ 2021 - Ian Lee 12 3 0 3 12 27 at (0, 0)
 Practicing with transformations
2
Sketch the following function on the same set of axes as
𝑦 =𝑥


 In each case, state the coordinates of the vertex

2
x
y
𝑦 =𝑥
-3
9
-2
4
-1
1
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
9

Vertex is

𝑦 =− ¿
at (2, -3)
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -28
@ 2021 - Ian Lee -19 -12 -7 -4 -3 -4
 Match each Quadratic with its graph

F
C
B
D
E
A
@ 2021 - Ian Lee
 Homework!
 Exercise 20A
 #1-6 (every other
letter)
 #8

 Exercise 20B.2
#1-5 (bc for each)