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3browser Fundamentals

The document discusses browser fundamentals including definitions, functions, architecture, and basic features. It defines a browser as software used to access web resources. It describes browser components like the user interface, rendering engine, and networking. It also explains the process of requesting and receiving web pages.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views19 pages

3browser Fundamentals

The document discusses browser fundamentals including definitions, functions, architecture, and basic features. It defines a browser as software used to access web resources. It describes browser components like the user interface, rendering engine, and networking. It also explains the process of requesting and receiving web pages.

Uploaded by

Jayaprasanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Browser Fundamentals

• Definition: Web browser is a kind of software which is


basically used to use resources on the web.
– Over the networks, two computers communicate with each
other.
– In this communication, when request is made by one computer
then that computer is called a client and when the request gets
served by another computer then that computer is called
server. Thus exchange of information takes place via Client-
Server communication.
– When user wants some web document then he makes the
request for it using the web browser.
– The browsers are the programs that are running on the clients'
machines. The request then gets served by the server and the
requested page is then returned to the client. It is getting
displayed to the client on the web browser.
– The web browsers can browse the information on the server
and hence is the same
Various web browsers that are commonly
used are
• Web browser supports variety of protocols but
the most commonly used protocol on the web
browser is Hyper Text· Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). This protocol is typically used when
browser communicates with the server.
3.1Functions Defined by Web Browser

• Various functions of web browser are -


1. Reformat the URL and send a valid HTTP
request.
2. When user gives the address of particular
website it is in the form of domain name. The
web browser coverts the DNS to
corresponding IP address.
3. The web browser establishes a TCP connection
with the Web browser while processing the
user's request.
4. The web browsers send the HTTP request to
the web server.
5. The web server processes the HTTP by the web
browser and returns the page to the client
machine. The web browser the client's machine
displays this web appropriate format.
3.2 Web Browser Architecture
• The main components of web browser
architecture are as follows
• User Interface :
– Using the user interface user interacts, with the browser
engine.
– The user interface contains, Address bar, back/forward
button, book mark menu and so on. The page requested by
the user is displayed in this user interface.
• Browser Engine:
– It contains the mechanism by which the input of user
interface is communicated to the Rendering Engine.
– The browser engine is responsible for querying, the
rendering engine according to various user interfaces.
• Rendering Engine:
– It is responsible for displaying the requested contents on the
screen.
– The rendering engine interprets the HTML, XML and JavaScript
that, comprises the given URL and generates the layout that is
displayed in the user interface.
– The main component of rendering, engine is HTML Parser. The
job of the HTML parser is to parse the HTML markup into a parse
tree.
– It is important to note that Chrome, unlike most browsers, holds
multiple instances of the rendering engine - one for each tab,
each tab is a separate process.
– Different browsers use different rendering engines - Internet
Explorer uses Trident, Firefox uses Gecko, Safari uses Web kit,
Chrome and Opera uses Web Kit.
• Networking:
– The functionality, of networking is to retrieve the
URL using common internet protocols such as
HTTP and FTP.
– The networking is responsible to handle the
internet communication and security issues.
– The network component may use the cache for
retrieved documents. This feature is useful for
increasing the response time.
• JavaScript Interpreter:
– The interpreter executes the JavaScript code which is
embedded in a web page.
• User Interface Backend :
– It is basically used to draw the widgets like combo boxes and
windows.
• Data Persistence :
– This is a small database created on local drives of the
computer where the browser is installed.
– The data storage manages user data such as book marks,
cookies, and preferences.
3.3 Working of Web Browser
• Following is the stepwise explanation of this
process
Step 1:
– First user types the websites address for demanding
the desired web page for example -
– http://www.vtubooks.com/home.aspx and then the
home page of this website appears on the screen.
– The web address is divided into three parts:
• The first part is the protocol. The http is a hypertext transfer
protocol which tells the web browser that user wishes to
communicate with web server on port 80. Port 80 is reserved
for the communication between web server and web
browser.
• The second part is the server address. This tells the web
browser which server -it needs to contact in order to
retrieve the information you are looking for. The web
browser communicates with a Domain Name Server
(DNS) to find out the IP Address for the website. All
communications on the Internet use IP Addresses for
communications. Use of the numeric address for
accessing the web server is avoided because it is easier to
remember 'textual information than that of numeric one.
Hence normally the web server's addresses are textual.
• The third part of this address denotes the resource user
wants to see.
• Step 2:
– The web browser, on locating the IP Address which it
requires (by communicating with the name server), sends
a request directly to the web server, using port 80, asking
for the file home.aspx.
• Step 3:
– The web server sends the html for this page back to user's
web browser. If there are additional files needed in order
to show the web page (like some images, for example) the
web browser makes additional requests for each of these.
3.4 Basic Features of Web browsers
1. Web browsers should be able to look at the web pages
throughout Internet or connect to various sites to access
information.
2. The Web browser must enable you to follow the hyperlinks
on a Web and type in a, URL for it to follow.
3. One of the main features of a browser is to search the
information on the current page as well as search the
WWW itself.
4. Browser give you the facility to save a Web page in a file on
your computer, print a Web page and send the contents of
a Web page e-Mail to others on the Internet.
5. Web browser should be able to handle text, images of the
World Wide Web, as well as the hyperlinks to digital video, or
other information.
6. Web browsers interact not just with the also with your
computer's operating system with other programs, called plug-
ins, that gives the browser enhanced features.
7. Another important feature to insist on browser is caching. A
browser that keeps the pages you visit so that it does no
download them again if you want to them.
8. Reloading a page from the cache quicker that downloading it
again original source.
9. The most important feature of any ease of use. While all Web
browser are fundamentally simple to use, it comfortable.

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