Chapter 3

Computer
Software

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Objectives:
 Differentiate among the forms through which
software is available
 Categories of application software
 Define system software and identify the two
types of system software
 Types of an operating system
 Utility programs

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3.1 Overview of software
 Software (program) is a series of instructions
that tells a computer what tasks to perform
and how to perform them.
 Software can be divided into 2 main
categories:
Application software
System software

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3.2 Application software
 An application, or app
sometimes called
application software,
consists of programs
designed to make
users more productive
and/or assist with
personal tasks.

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3.2 Application software
Retail software
 Application Custom software
software is

Form of software
Web app
available in a
variety of Mobile app

forms: Mobile web app

Shareware

Freeware

Open source software

Public domain software

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A. Retail software(package software)
 It is a mass produced, copyrighted retail
software that meets the needs of a wide
variety users, not just a single user or
company.
 Is a copyrighted and sold to a wide variety of
users. It is easier to get in the market.
 E.g. Microsoft Office , PS software

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 B. Custom software
 Design to meet the needs of a specific business or
industry
 Usually costs expensive than retail software.
 Programmer need to spend time to find out user
requirement and needs.
 E.g. TARUC app & intranet

WHY?
 Sometimes a company cannot locate retail software
that meets its unique requirements
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 C. Web app
 Application stored on a web server that you
access through a browser.
 Some can be accessed locally offline.
 some free, some charge one time fee, while
others charge monthly or yearly.
 E.g. Microsoft 365

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 D. Mobile App
 You download from a mobile device’s app store or
other location on the Internet to a smart phone or
mobile device.
 Some free, some charge you a few dollars
 E.g. game apps, business apps, educational apps

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 E. Mobile Web App
 Is a web app that is optimized for display in a
browser on a mobile device, regardless of
screen size or orientation.
 Many app developers opt for 选择 web
delivery because that DO NOT have to create a
different version for each mobile device’s app
store
 Many web apps use a responsive design, which
means the app displays properly on an
computer or device.

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E. Mobile Web App

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 F. Shareware
 Copyrighted software that it is distributed at no cost for
a trial period
 To use a shareware program beyond that period, you
send payment to the program developer.
 In some cases, a scaled-down version of the software
is distributed free, and payment entitle the user to the
fully functional product.
 E.g. Spotify premium trial for 30 days
WHY?
 If the trial ver. Does not satisfy, no need spend money
to purchase
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 G. Freeware
 Copyrighted software provided at no cost by an
individual or a company that retains all rights to the
software (can use but cannot be modified)
 Freeware indicates the software has no charge.

 E.g. antivirus tool, browser tool, PDF tools, File

management
WHY?
 Free of charge and downloadable form the internet

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 H. Open Source software
 Software free (NO COST) available to anyone in a
form that can be easily modified
 The software has no restrictions from the
copyright holder regarding modification of the
software’s internal instructions and its
redistribution.
WHY?
 Free download, can modify, personalize to meet
personal needs

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 I. Public Domain Software
 The software has been donated for public use
 Anyone can copy or distribute to others at no
cost charge.
 Can be copied, sold, and/or modified
 Poor quality or unreliable

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 Conclusion:
Variety forms of application Cost Copyrighted?
software
1. Retail Software - Inexpensive Y
2. Custom Software - Expensive Y
3. Open Source Software - Free N
4. Shareware - Free (for a trial period) Y
- Free (for a scale down
version)
- Payment required for a fully
functional product
5. Freeware - Free Y
6. Public-domain software - Free N
7. Web-based software / - Free Y
Web application - Some charge a fee

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3.2.1 Categories of Programs and Apps

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A. Productivity Applications
 Software that assists people in becoming
more effective and efficient while performing
daily activities at work, school, and home.

Word
Spreadsheet Database Presentation
Processing
software software software
software

Calendar
Note taking Document Project
and contact
software management management
management
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 B. Graphics and Multimedia Software
 Software that allows power users, such as
engineers, architects, desktop publisher,
graphic artists,
to work with
graphics and
multimedia
project.

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C. Personal Interest Applications
Entertainmen
Lifestyle Medical t Convenience Education
application applications applications applications
Applications

Access Obtain Run a

latest news Track Listen to driving simulatio
or sports exercise music, direction, n, assist
scores, activity, radio, use
check children
count play phone as
weather with
calories games a
forecasting reading
flashlight

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C. Personal Interest Applications
 Most of the programs in this category
are relatively inexpensive; many are free
or open source, and available for
download from web sites or a device’s
app store.
 Some applications focus on a single
service, while others provide several
services in a single applications.

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D. Communications Applications
 Communications is the process of
sharing/exchanging info between 2 or more
computers.

Web Browser E-Mail Instant Chat Room

Messaging

Text, Picture, Newsgroup/ Video

Video
Message Board Conferencing
Messaging

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E. Security Tool
 To protect computers and mobile devices
 Security tools include personal firewalls,
antivirus programs, malware removers, and
Internet filters.
Personal
Antivirus
Firewal

Malware
Internet
Remover
Filters
s

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E. Security Tool
 Personal Firewall
Detects and protects a personal computer and
its data from unauthorized intrusions / users
It monitor all transmissions to and from a
computer or mobile device

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E. Security Tool
 Antivirus Programs
Protects a computer against viruses by identifying
and removing any computer viruses found in a
memory, storage media or on incoming files.

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E. Security Tool

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Spyware VS Adware

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E. Security Tool
 Malware removers
1. Spyware remover – detects and deletes
spyware
2. Adware remover – detects and deletes
spyware, adware, and other malware

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E. Security Tool
 Internet Filters
Anti-spam programs
• Filtering programs that attempt to remove spam before
it reaches your inbox.
Web filters
• Restricts access to certain material on the web.

Phishing filter
• Warns or blocks you from potentially fraudulent or
suspicious websites.
Pop-up and Pop-Under blockers
• Stops pop-up or pop-under ads from displaying on
webpages.
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 F. File, Disk, and System
Management Tools
 To perform maintenance type tasks related to
managing a computer, its devices, or its programs,
you can use one or more file, disk and system
management tools.

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3.3. System software
 Programs that control or maintain the operations
of the computer and its devices and it enable the
application software to run
 Types of systems software
Operating systems
Utility programs

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3.3.1 Operating system
 A set of programs that coordinate all of the
activities among the computer’s hardware
components.
 Once a computer is started, the operating
system is loaded (copied) from the
computer’s hard drive into memory.
 It then will coordinates all the activities of the
computer including running applications and
transferring data among input and output
devices and memory.
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 3.3.2 Operating Systems Functions
provide a user manage
start the computer interface programs

administer
security

manage
memory

control a
network

establish an schedule jobs

provide file management and monitor Internet and configure
other utilities performance connection devices 35

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 A. Starting and Shutting Down
Computers and Mobile devices
 Starting or restarting a computer is
called booting

Cold boot Warm boot

turning on a computer that restarting a computer that
has been powered off is already powered on
- Power on button - Restart computer

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B. Providing user interface
b) Providing a User Interface
- A user interface controls how user
enter data and instructions and how
information is displayed on the screen.

• Graphical User Interface, GUI

○ Most users today work with a graphical user
interface. With a graphical user interface (GUI),
you interact with menus and visual images by
touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons
and other objects to issue commands
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B. Providing user interface
 Command-line Interface
A user types commands represented by short
keywords or abbreviations (such as dir to view a
directory, or list of files) or presses special keys
on the keyboard (such as function keys or key
combinations) to enter data and instructions.

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C. Managing Programs
 The OS also control HOW MANY
PROGRAMS a user can run at any one
time.
 An operating system can be single tasking
or multitasking.
A single tasking OS allows only one program or
app to run at a time.
A multitasking OS allows two or more programs
or apps to reside in memory at the same time.

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D. Managing Memory
 The purpose of memory management is to
optimize the use of computer internal
memory, RAM.
 If you run too many
programs at the
same time, it is
possible to run out
of RAM.

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D. Managing Memory
 With VIRTUAL MEMORY, the OS allocates
a portion of the hard disk, to function as
additional RAM. Virtual memory is slower
than RAM, therefore, users may notice the
computer slowing down while it uses virtual
memory.

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E. Controlling a network
 Allowscomputers in a network to send and
receive data and share computing
resources

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F. Administering Security

 Protection against unauthorized access

 Most of the multi-user OS allows each user log
on to a network, which is the process of
entering a username or user ID and password
 Logins and passwords

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G. Coordinating Tasks
• The OS determines the order in which tasks are
processed.
• Example: If the processor sends 3 documents to
a printer, the printer
can print only one
document at a time
and store as many
documents as its
memory can handle

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 3.4 UTILITY PROGRAMS
 Utility programs, also known as Utility, is a
type of system software that allows a user to
perform maintenance-type of tasks, usually
related to managing a
computer, its device, or
its programs.

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A. Image Viewer
 With an image viewer tool, users to
display, copy, and print the contents of a
graphics file. Users can see images
without having to open them in a paint or
image editing program.

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 B. Disk Defragmenter
 Is a tool that reorganizes the files and unused
space on a computer’s hard disk so that the OS
can access data more quickly and programs run
faster.
 When the contents of a file are scattered across
two or more noncontiguous sectors, the file is
fragmented.
 Fragmentation slows down disk access and the
performance of the entire computer.
 Defragmenting the disk or reorganizing it so the
files are stored in contiguous sectors, solves this
problem.
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 A fragmented disk has
many files stored in
noncontiguous sectors

A defragemented disk
stored the files in
contiguous sectors

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C. Disk Cleanup
 A disk cleanup tool searches for and
removes unnecessary files.
 Unnecessary files may include downloaded
program files, temporary Internet files,
deleted files, and unused program files.
 Operating systems usually include a disk
cleanup tool.

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D. File Compression
 A file compression tool shrinks the size of a
file(s). A compressed file takes up less storage
space than the original file.
 Compressing files frees up room on the
storage media

Makes the file size

smaller, so sending
the file is faster
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E. Backup and Restore
 A backup tool allows users to copy, or
back up, selected files or the contents of
an entire storage medium to another
storage location, such as another hard
drive, optical disc, USB flash drive, or
cloud storage
 Restore tool reverses the process and
returns backed up files to their original
form.

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THE END…..

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