DIRECTIONS: IDENTIFY THE CONCEPTS BEING

DESCRIBED. CHOOSE YOUR ANSWERS FROM THE BOX.

Script Props Soliloquy

Speaking Spectacles
Plot Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
1. It refers to the type of play
(example: comedy and
tragedy)
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
2. THIS IS HOW NARRATIVE POINTS
ARE ARRANGED TO MAKE A STORY
UNDERSTANDABLE TO READER OR
OBSERVER.
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue

3. IT IS A SHORT SPEECH MADE TO

THE AUDIENCE OR TO HIMSELF
BUT CANNOT BE HEARD BY THE
OTHER CHARACTERS ON STAGE.
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
4. THESE ARE THE VISUAL
ELEMENTS OF A PLAY.
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue

5. IT IS A MODE OF
EXPRESSION OR DELIVERY
OF LINES.
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
6. IT IS SHORT FOR
PROPERTIES OR ANY ARTICLE
USED AS A PART OF A
DRAMATIC PRODUCTION.
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue

7. IT CONTAINS THE LINES

OF THE ACTORS THAT ARE
MEANT TO BE DELIVERED.
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
8. IT IS A LONG SPEECH MADE BY
A CHARACTER WHILE ALONE
ON STAGE TO REVEAL ONE’S
TRUE THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS.
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue

9. IT REFERS TO THE
MEANING OF THE PLAY OR
THE MAIN IDEA IN THE PLAY.
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
10. IT REFERS TO THE
CONVERSATION BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE CHARACTERS.
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
1. It refers to the type of play
(example: comedy and
tragedy)
=GENRE
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
2. THIS IS HOW NARRATIVE POINTS ARE
ARRANGED TO MAKE A STORY
UNDERSTANDABLE TO READER OR
OBSERVER.
=PLOT
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue

3. IT IS A SHORT SPEECH MADE TO

THE AUDIENCE OR TO HIMSELF BUT
CANNOT BE HEARD BY THE OTHER
CHARACTERS ON STAGE.
=ASIDE
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
4. THESE ARE THE VISUAL
ELEMENTS OF A PLAY.
=SPECTACLES
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue

5. IT IS A MODE OF EXPRESSION
OR DELIVERY OF LINES.
=SPEAKING
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
6. IT IS SHORT FOR PROPERTIES
OR ANY ARTICLE USED AS A PART
OF A DRAMATIC PRODUCTION.
=PROPS
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
7. IT CONTAINS THE LINES OF
THE ACTORS THAT ARE
MEANT TO BE DELIVERED.
=SCRIPT
Script Props Soliloquy Speaking
Spectacles Plot Genre
Theme
Aside Dialogue
8. IT IS A LONG SPEECH MADE BY A
CHARACTER WHILE ALONE ON STAGE
TO REVEAL ONE’S TRUE THOUGHTS OR
FEELINGS.
=SOLILOQUY
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue

9. IT REFERS TO THE MEANING OF

THE PLAY OR THE MAIN IDEA IN
THE PLAY.
=THEME
Script Props Soliloquy
Speaking Spectacles Plot
Genre Theme
Aside Dialogue
10. IT REFERS TO THE
CONVERSATION BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE CHARACTERS.
=DIALOGUE
• ARE THE WORDS INSIDE BOX FAMILIAR OR
UNFAMILIAR?
• WHAT WORDS ARE FAMILIAR AND
UNFAMILIAR TO YOU?
• WHERE CAN YOU ENCOUNTER THOSE
WORDS?
DRAMA
WHAT IS DRAMA?
 ACTIVITY
1. THINK OF A WORD WHICH IS RELATED TO
DRAMA.
2. GROUP YOURSELVES ACCORDING TO YOUR
COLUMN.
3. WRITE THE WORDS THAT THE MEMBERS
PREPARED IN A ¼ PAPER WITH THE NAMES OF THE
MEMBERS.
4. DEFINE “DRAMA” USING THE WORDS THAT THE
Drama is a literary composition to be acted by players
on stage before an audience. It comes from a greek
word dran meaning “to do” or “to act,”. It is another
term for play. It shows people going through some
eventful period in their lives, seriously or humorously.
It may be based on real live events (non-fictional) or
stories created out of imagination (fictional).
A DRAMA IS A TYPE OF LITERATURE THAT
IS WRITTEN FOR THE PURPOSE OF BEING
PERFORMED IN FRONT OF AN AUDIENCE.
THIS TYPE OF WRITING IS WRITTEN IN THE
FORM OF A SCRIPT, AND THE STORY IS TOLD
THROUGH THE LINES OF THE CHARACTERS
PLAYED BY ACTORS.
WHY DO DRAMA EXIST?
 A playwright or a dramatist (a person who writes plays), first
invents a drama to be acted out. Once furnished, after an intricate
process of rehearsals, it is then performed before an audience. On
stage, it combines many arts—those of the author, director, actor,
designer and others. One famous playwright is the great william
shakespeare and his work romeo and juliet. This play revolved on a
tragic love story, ending on the death of the two lovers. However, it is
not just a love story, it also presents important lessons about life and
society’s battle with equality.
LITERARY ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
 Before a drama is conceived, there are
certain elements that are essential during a
drama’s formation stage. The playwright must
take into consideration these elements to come
up with a good play. We will be discussing the
four elements in depth:
 CHARACTERS

These refer to the people, animals or even ideas that are given life
in the play. Characters in a play are portrayed by actors who speak the
dialogue and carry out the action, language, ideas and emotions of the
play. Ang probinsyano which is a well-known Philippine drama series
or teleserye, for instance, has cardo Dalisay as the main character and
is played by the actor, coco martin.
 SETTING

This is when and where the story took place or the time
and place the events happened in the play. The play “New
Yorker in Tondo” by Marcelino Agana, Jr. Is set in Tondo,
Manila. The play took place in the parlor of the Mendoza
house in Tondo-the residence of the main character Kikay.
 PLOT

Plot in drama, as in fiction, is an ordered chain of

physical, emotional, or intellectual events that ties
the action together. These events create a pattern or
sequence that the playwright uses to make the story
understandable to the audience.
• EXPOSITION- This is the stage where the audience
receives the essential background information; characters
are introduced, the situation where the story is in and the
conflicts that revolve around it.

• RISING ACTION- This occurs when the conflict grows

heated, and the plot becomes more involved. The situation
becomes more and more tightly knotted which leads up to
the dramatic climax.
• CLIMAX- This part is considered the most excruciating part of the
play as it reaches the turning point of the story. This is the part where
the audience are at the edge of their seats eagerly wanting to know
what would happen next.

• FALLING ACTION- These are the events that happens after the
climax or where conflicts in the story begin to be resolved.

• DENOUEMENT- This is the final stage of the plot or commonly

known as the ending of a story. This part allows the story to end that
satisfies the audience or reader.
 DIALOGUE
This is referred to as the conversation between characters in a
drama or narrative. It is the lines or passages in the story that are
intended to be spoken and is always found after the name of the
character to guide the actors as they try to memorize or familiarize
their lines. An example is shown below.
Gloria: today is payday, Mario.
Mario: yes … but…
GLORIA: but what? Where’s your pay for the week?
ARISTOTLE’S SIX ELEMENTS OF
DRAMA
 THREE OF THE ELEMENTS- PLOT, CHARACTER
AND DIALOGUE WERE ALREADY DISCUSSED IN
THE FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS OF DRAMA. THE
OTHER THREE ELEMENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
THEME/THOUGHT- This refers to
the overall theme or the main idea
of the play.
MUSIC/MELODY/RHYTHM- While music
is often featured in drama, in this case,
Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the
actors' voices as they speak.
SPECTACLE/OPSIS- Refers to the visual
elements of a play: make-up, props, sets,
costumes, special effects, etc. Everything that
the audience sees on stage as the drama unfolds
is part of spectacle.
 TECHNIQUES AND LITERARY DEVICES IN
DRAMA

Dramatic techniques and devices are used by

playwrights. It is important to remember, when
reading a play, that drama is written to be performed,
rather than to be read. It can be difficult to fully
appreciate a piece of drama if you are reading it
silently from a book.
ASIDE: A remark that is not heard by the other characters
on stage - it is a sneaky way of giving the audience
information that other characters should not have yet. The
character’s speech is unheard to the other characters present on
stage. It may be addressed to the audience directly or
represent an unspoken thought. It is usually a brief comment,
rather than a speech, such as monologue or soliloquy.
SOLILOQUY: this is pronounced as sə-li-lə-kwē. This is
a speech by a single actor who is alone on stage. Most
classical plays have scenes when a character does
soliloquy. The character speaks out his/her thoughts
aloud for the audience to know and understand what
he/she is thinking.
MONOLOGUE: this refers to a long speech
made by one actor which may be delivered
alone or in the presence of others. It may be
interpreted as one-character speaking to
another without getting (or expecting) a
response. This is because monologue (literally)
means, half of a dialogue (mono= one, dia =
two).
DISGUISE: It can be anything which
conceals or changes a person’s physical
appearance, including a wig, glasses,
makeup, costume or other ways. Camouflage
is one type of disguise for people, animals
and objects.
MIME: It is considered as one of the earliest
mediums of self-expression where
performers enacted everyday scenes with the
help of elaborate gestures.
CHORUS: It is group of actors who function
as a unit. The members of the chorus shared a
common identity. The leader of the chorus
was called choragus. In some cases, the chorus
participated directly in the action; in others they
were observing the action and commenting on
it.
DRAMATIC IRONY: This occurs when a
character’s words or acts carry a larger
meaning that the character does not perceive
and when there is a contrast between what a
character says and what the reader knows to
be true. The audience, however, is fully aware
of the character’s situation.
CLIFFHANGER: This was popularized with
serialized fiction and occurs when characters are
left in abrupt situations, or have a revelation, as
an episode of the serial ends. For example, at the
end of the episode of Korean series “Memories of
Alhambra,” a main character is left literally hanging
of a cliff.
FORESHADOWING: This is the
playwright’s use of “hints” or “clues” which
prepares the audience/reader for future
events or the outcome.
TICKING CLOCK SCENARIO: It elicits
dramatic tension by placing a character in a
dangerous, or otherwise intense situation, in
which time is of the essence. As time passes,
the stakes of the outcome of the story are
raised, increasing dramatic tension.
RED HERRING: It is a literary technique in which
the reader’s/audience’ attention is drawn to
insignificant details to divert attention from what
is actually occurring in the plot. The red herring is
commonly used in mystery fiction and can lead to a
plot twist at the end of the work of literature.
POST TEST
 IT CONTAINS THE LINES
OF THE ACTORS THAT ARE
MEANT TO BE DELIVERED.
It refers to the type of play
(example: comedy and
tragedy)
THESE ARE THE VISUAL
ELEMENTS OF A PLAY.
IT IS SHORT FOR PROPERTIES OR
ANY ARTICLE USED AS A PART OF
A DRAMATIC PRODUCTION.
IT REFERS TO THE MEANING
OF THE PLAY OR THE MAIN
IDEA IN THE PLAY.
IT IS A MODE OF EXPRESSION
OR DELIVERY OF LINES.
 THIS IS HOW NARRATIVE POINTS
ARE ARRANGED TO MAKE A STORY
UNDERSTANDABLE TO READER OR
OBSERVER.
 IT REFERS TO THE
CONVERSATION BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE CHARACTERS.
IT IS A LONG SPEECH MADE BY A
CHARACTER WHILE ALONE ON
STAGE TO REVEAL ONE’S TRUE
THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS.
IT IS A SHORT SPEECH MADE TO THE
AUDIENCE OR TO HIMSELF BUT
CANNOT BE HEARD BY THE OTHER
CHARACTERS ON STAGE.
 TEST II

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
1. It is a group of actors speaking in unison, usually by
commenting on the action of the play.
2. The audience knows something that one or more of the
characters in a play does not know.
3. It is a speech given by one character who is speaking to
other characters on stage.
4. A technique by which a character deliberately appears to be
someone else.
5. Deliberately misleading or distracting the audience in its
expectations.
6. A comment made by a character to the audience in a
way that implies no one on stage has heard it.
7. A speech in which a character appears to be thinking
aloud rather than speaking to any other character on
stage.
8. Where future events in a story, or perhaps the outcome,
are suggested by the author before they happen.
9. The theatrical technique of suggesting action, character
or emotion without words, using only gesture, expression
and movement.
10. A dramatic tension by placing a character in a
dangerous, or intense situation, in which time is of the
essence
11.It is a type of disguise for people, animals and objects.
12.It is known to be the leader of the chorus.
13.A literary technique that introduces a radical change in the direction or
expected outcome of the plot in a work of fiction.
14.A plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or
difficult dilemma or confronted with a shocking revelation at the end o fan
episode of serialized fiction.
15.In literature, any technique used to help the author achieve or her purpose.