COMPUTER PACKAGES

 
 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

 Computers are made up of two parts: the hardware and the

software.
 Hardware: The physical equipment required to create,
use, manipulate and store electronic data.
 Software: The computerised instructions that operate a
computer, manipulate the data and execute particular
functions or tasks.
 SOFTWARE

 Software is the computerised instructions that operate the

computer, execute particular functions or tasks, and
manipulate the data. For software (the instructions) to
perform various functions, it must be programmed. That
is, the instructions need to be written in a programming
language that the computer can understand. Without a
program, a computer is useless.
 TYPES OF SOFTWARE

 SYSTEM SOFTWARE: a system software consists of

low-level programs belonging to the operating system,
compilers and utilities for managing resources.

 APPLICATION SOFTWARE: a software application is a

program designed for end users.
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 OPERATING SYSTEM

 SYSTEM UTILITIES

 LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS
 OPERATING SYSTEM
 An operating system is software that enables services for
software applications to run on a computer.
 An important task of an operating system is taking care of
the communication between the software applications and
hardware devices attached to your computer. For example,
a word processor communicates with devices such as a
keyboard and mouse.
 Examples for OS include Android, iOS, Mac OS X,
Microsoft Windows and Linux.
 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
 Client Operating System which are installed on Client
computers also known as PCs. Examples are Windows 7,
Apple iOS, Android, etc.

 Network Operating System which are the ones installed on

Servers for the management and administration of client
computers connected over a network. Examples are
Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Novell Netware, Apple
Mac OS X, etc.
 OPERATING SYSTEM INTERFACES
 Command Line Interface (CLI) comprising of a user
environment operated by the use of command codes for
performing various computer operations such as creating,
saving, deleting, opening and editing of files and folders. This
interface does not accommodate the use of a mouse.

 Graphic User Interface is a colourful and user friendly

environment that graphically represents files and folders on the
screen for the user to work on with the use of a mouse as well
as keyboard.
Command Line Interface
Graphic User Interface
 Central tasks for an operating system

 Managing applications and giving applications access to

hardware.
 Manage data system resources optimally.
 Manage Processor operations
 Managing System Memory operations
Central tasks for an operating system

USER

APPLICATIONS

OPERATING
SYSTEM

HARDWARE
 SYSTEM UTILITIES
 Used in monitoring the software and hardware
components of the computer
 Used to make usage of the computer convenient
 Examples include: Disk Defragmentation, Check Disk,
System Monitor, Clock, Calendar, Windows Defender,
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, e.t.c.
 LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS

 Software that translate from one language to machine

language for the execution of instructions by system
hardware
Language Hierarchy
USER

HIGH LEVEL
LANGUAGE

ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE
LOW LEVEL
MACHINE
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE

HARDWARE
 LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS
 COMPILER: Translates the whole program code in bulk
from high level language to machine code

 INTERPRETER: Translates program code line by line

from high level language to machine code

 ASSEMBLER: Translates Assembly language to machine

language
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 Software written or developed to solve specific user tasks

Divided into 3 types:

 Application Packages
 Program Generators
 Application Programs
 APPLICATION PACKAGES
 Application Packages are the type of software that can
perform many different related tasks. Examples are
Microsoft Word, CorelDraw, WhatsApp, Google Chrome,
etc.
 TYPES OF APPLICATION PACKAGES
 GENERAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE e.g. Word
Processors (Microsoft Word, Notepad), Spreadsheet
applications (Microsoft Excel, Lotus), Database
applications (Oracle, Microsoft Access), Graphics
applications (CorelDraw, Photoshop), e.t.c.

 CUSTOM SOFTWARE e.g. School Management Portal,

Bank Portal, Mobile apps, Computer programs, e.t.c.
APPLICATION PACKAGE CATEGORIES
 Word Processing Package
 Spreadsheet Package
 Presentation Package
 Database Management Package
 Graphic Design Package
 Communication Package
 Game/Entertainment Package
 Anti-malware Package
 CAD Package
 PROGRAM GENERATORS

 Program Generators are applications which are used to

develop or create new Application Packages without the
user having any coding knowledge. Examples include
Yoyo Games, Stage cast, Adventure Maker, Alice, etc.
 APPLICATION PROGRAMS

 Applications that are designed to perform single tasks

after the user inputs some given parameters or variables
such as calculating Area of a circle, Number of
transformer turns, Roots of a quadratic equation, etc.
 SOFTWARE LICENSE TYPES
 Trialware software

 Freeware software

 Open Source software

 Trialware software

These are software packages that have a limited (trial) period

of free usage, the expiration of which results in the need for
outright purchase of the product on CD/DVD or obtaining an
activation code.
Examples of such software packages are Microsoft Office
Suite of Apps, CorelDraw, AutoCAD, etc.
 Freeware Software
Software package that is completely free of charge to acquire
and use by the general public for an unlimited period of time.
Examples are Mozilla Firefox browser, WhatsApp, VLC
Media Player, Avast free antivirus, etc
 Open Source Software
This software license type not only makes a software
package free but also makes its source code freely accessible
to software developers to edit and redesign in order to derive
new versions of it.
Examples of Open source software are versions of Linux
such as Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Suse, e.t.c, as well as other
software such as Mozilla Firefox, VLC Media player,
SugarCRM, LibreOffice
Criteria for Software Package Acceptability
Software packages must posses certain characteristics in
order to have wide market acceptability.
These characteristics are:
 Functionality
 Reliability
 Must Satisfy User need
 Affordability
 Compatibility with widely used hardware and operating
system
 Steps in Software Package Development
 Install program language compiler on PC
 Type the program code in any text-editor of choice
 Save the file with the required extension
 Compile the program file for execution
 Modes of Package Acquisition
There are different modes of acquiring software products:

 Purchase of software CD/DVD from developer or vendor

 Downloading software from the developer or third party
internet site
 Receive bundled with hardware e.g. PC, Printer, Textbook,
Phone, e.t.c.
 HARDWARE
Hardware are the physical component parts of the computer
system containing electronic circuitry that contribute to the
functioning of the system.
A component by merely being physical or tangible is not
necessarily a hardware. It must be a composite part of the
entire system in terms of electronic functionality with
software.
 HARDWARE
 All computers require the following hardware components:
 Central processing unit (CPU): The chip or chips at the heart of a
computer that enable it to process data. Also known as a processor. Speed
of processing is measured in Hertz (Hz). Modern processors reach to a few
Giga Hertz in speed.
 HARDWARE
 Memory: An area within a computer system that holds data waiting to be
processed. They are generally called RAM (Random Access Memory).
 Examples: System Memory, Cache RAM, Page File, Buffers, e.t.c.
 Capacity: The System memory commonly available in stores today range
from 512 MB to 16 GB. Other RAMs range from a few hundred Kilobytes
to less than a Gigabyte.
 HARDWARE
 Storage device: The place where a computer puts data.
 Hard disks are available in capacities in the range of 40 GB to less than
10 TB.
 CD Drives are 700 MB large in capacity while DVD Drives range from
4.3 GB to 17 GB.
 HARDWARE
 Printers, scanners and external disk drives that may be connected to
the computer are also sometimes called ‘peripheral devices’.

 Input devices: the devices that allow data and instructions to enter a
computer (such as a keyboard, mouse, and scanner)

 Output devices: the devices that allow information to be

represented (that is, given out) to the user, such as a display screen
or printer)
THANKS