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Physics For Engineers

This document provides an overview of physics for engineering students. It defines physics as the study of matter, energy, and natural phenomena based on observation. Key topics covered include the importance of physics for engineering, basic concepts like matter and motion, branches of physics like mechanics and thermodynamics, units and unit conversion, and vector quantities and operations. Sample problems demonstrate techniques for determining vector resultants using methods like the triangle, parallelogram, and polygon approaches.

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Kit Lbj
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17K views36 pages

Physics For Engineers

This document provides an overview of physics for engineering students. It defines physics as the study of matter, energy, and natural phenomena based on observation. Key topics covered include the importance of physics for engineering, basic concepts like matter and motion, branches of physics like mechanics and thermodynamics, units and unit conversion, and vector quantities and operations. Sample problems demonstrate techniques for determining vector resultants using methods like the triangle, parallelogram, and polygon approaches.

Uploaded by

Kit Lbj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

(ENGGPHYS)
ENGR. MAULYNE P. PA-IT
1. INTRODUCTION
PHYSICS is the branch of science concerned with the nature
and properties of matter and energy

 Physics is the most fundamental science


- basis or the foundation of other physical sciences like chemistry, geology, and astronomy
- most principles or laws of the other sciences are based on the principles of physics

 Physics is the study of the basic laws of nature


 Physics is an experimental science
PHYSICS
PHYSICAL THEORY
-an explanation of natural phenomena based on observation and accepted
fundamental.

- the acceleration of a falling body is


independent of its weight.
MASS
AIR RESISTANCE
SOME PHYSICIST:

MAX PLANCK
SIR ISAAC
NEWTON

MARIE CURIE
ALBERT
EINSTEIN
Physics and its importance in the field of engineering:

Basically, physics is involved with the study of energy and its different
forms. It therefore serves as a foundation to engineering which is primarily
involved with the design, construction and operation of devices, machines,
structures, and systems which in various ways utilize these different forms of
energy.
Physics is a quantitative science. It involves a lot of measurements and
computational analyses. It is therefore imperative that the student of physics
should have extensive proficiency with mathematical concepts, principles,
and operations. Student should have considerable knowledge on algebra,
trigonometry, analytic geometry, and calculus.
Basic Concepts of Physics:
1. MATTER - anything that occupies space and has weight.
- it possesses inertia and subjected to gravity.
2. MASS - the amount or quantity of matter in a body
3. MOTION - the displacement of a body with reference to another body.
4. FORCE - that which is capable of changing the condition of rest or
motion of a certain body.
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS:
1. CLASSICAL PHYSICS - branch of physics that deals with objects
moving less than the speed of light. C = 3 x m/s
Subbranches:
a) Mechanics - oldest branch of physics; deals with the behavior of objects subjected to
forces and/or motion.
 Statics - study of matter at rest, and forces in equilibrium
 Dynamics - deals with forces and their relation to motion
b) Acoustics - deals with the behavior and properties of sound waves
c) Thermodynamics - deals with the relation of heat and other forms of energy
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS:
2. MODERN PHYSICS - branch of physics that deals with objects at
Extreme events.
Subbranches:
a) Nuclear Physics - physics of atomic nuclei and their interactions
b) Theory of Relativity – space and time
c) Quantum Physics - describes nature at smallest scale of energy of
atoms and subatomic particles
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES:

In the proper expression of physical quantities, it should have magnitude. There should at least
be a number (to indicate how large or how small the quantity is) and the unit (to indicate the
nature and type of the quantity).
2. STANDARD AND UNITS
 A standard is that quantity (usually in physical form i.e. an object) to which other
quantities being measured are compared. The measured quantity is then expressed in
terms of the standard, which now becomes the unit of the quantity.
 There are two systems of units in common use: The English or British system and
the Metric system. A refinement of the old metric system was introduced in 1960
and is officially known as the International System of units or SI units. It is now
modern practice to use this system.
SYSTEM Symbol
Metric mks
English fps
Gaussian cgs
PREFIXES IN THE METRIC SYSTEM OR SI
SYSTEM:
UNIT CONSISTENCY AND CONVERSION
Unit consistency means that in a physical equation, each side
of the expression should have the same units otherwise the
equation is an error.

Unit conversion is the process of changing the unit of a


quantity to another one within the same system or into another
system. In physical computations, this is usually done to attain
unit consistency.
Conversion table is in page 22 of the module.
UNIT CONSISTENCY AND CONVERSION
UNIT CONSISTENCY AND CONVERSION
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. Convert 120 km/hr to mi/hr.

2. The density of propane is 36.28 lb/ft3. Convert this to kg/m3.

3. A box measures 3.12 ft in length, 0.0455 yd in width and 7.87


inches in height. What is its volume in cubic centimeters?
SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITY
Scalar - physical quantities that have magnitudes only but no directions
volume, density, speed, energy, mass, time, etc.

Vectors - physical quantities that have magnitudes and directions


- force, velocity, displacement, weight, etc.
3. VECTORS AND VECTOR
OPERATIONS
BASIC CONCEPT ABOUT VECTORS:
3. VECTORS AND VECTOR
OPERATIONS
BASIC CONCEPT ABOUT VECTORS:
3. VECTORS AND VECTOR
OPERATIONS
BASIC CONCEPT ABOUT VECTORS:
3. VECTORS AND VECTOR
OPERATIONS
BASIC CONCEPT ABOUT VECTORS:
3. VECTORS AND VECTOR
OPERATIONS
OTHER CONCEPT ABOUT VECTORS:
COLLINEAR – parallel vectors which lie on the same straight line irrespective of their magnitudes and
direction

COPLANAR – parallel to the same plane, eg. two vectors parallel to the x-y plane or any plane

CONCURRENT – vectors which passes through the same point


3.1 VECTOR ADDITION AND
SUBTRACTION
Vector addition is the process of combining two or more vectors into one. The
combination is called the RESULTANT of the vectors. Subtraction is just like
addition.

In vector subtraction, the negative of one vector is added to the other. For example, if
two vectors A and B are to be added, the operation is indicated as A + B. However, if
vector B is to be subtracted from vector A, the operation is indicated as A – B which is
the same as A + (-B). The negative of vector B is added to vector A. The negative of a
vector is a vector of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction. For example, if
vector A = 50 units 30oN of W, its negative or –A = 50 units 30oS of E.
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. For the given vectors: A = 50 km due east, B = 20 km due west, C =
30 km due west, D = 25 km due east, E = 60 km due west. Determine
(a) their resultant, (b) C – D and (c) D – A – B.
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. Determine the resultant for the given vectors by
parallelogram
A: 15 km, 33° N of E B: 10 km, 27° S of E
METHODS OF DETERMINING RESULTANT:
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. Given two vectors A = 70 m 60o N of E and B
=35 m 30o N of W. Determine their resultant
(magnitude and direction).
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
SAMPLE PROBLEM

1. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant


for the given vectors. Use polygon method.
A: 2 kph 45° N of E;
B: 2.8 kph 58° E of S;
C: 5.1 kph W 28° S;
D: 3.2 kph N 18° W
SAMPLE PROBLEM
METHODS OF DETERMINING
RESULTANT:
SAMPLE PROBLEM

1. A sailor in a small boat encounters shifting winds. She sails 8 km


south, then 15 km 30o E of N, and then 12 km 25o N of W. Use
component method to determine the magnitude and direction of her
resultant displacement.
ASSIGNMENT
1. An object starts at point 1, moves 8 m east, then 5
m northeast, and finally 4 m N 50o W to point 2. Find
the displacement from 1 to 2 using polygon method.

2. Find the resultant of the following two displacements:


2m at 40o and 4m at 127o, using a) triangle method, b)
parallelogram method.
Add a Slide Title - 5

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