Date: 24 May 2023

Topic: Mughal and Ottoman Empires

Standards: Connections and Conflict: Students will understand causes and effects of interaction among
societies, including trade, systems of international exchange, war, and diplomacy.

Lesson Outcome: SWBAT: Compare and contrast the Mughal and Ottoman Empires, demonstrating an
understanding of their key characteristics, contributions, and impacts on global history.

Learning Question: HOW do the Mughal and Ottoman compare and contrast? WHAT are the
causes and effects on history of these empires?

Success Criteria:
I can show similarities and differences between the 2 empires.
I can describe the empires contributions and effects in history.
 Popcorn Reading
Mughal Empire: The Mughal Empire, established in the
early 16th century in the Indian subcontinent, was known
for its diverse cultural heritage, with Persian and Indian
influences. It had a centralized administration led by
emperors, a strong military, and a flourishing trade
network.
Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Empire, founded in the
14th century, was located at the crossroads of Europe,
Asia, and Africa. It had a well-structured
administrative system with the sultan in control, a
powerful military, and a legal system based on Islamic
law.
 As you watch the video, pay
attention for the following
details:
1. Which years did both
empires span (begin
and end)?
2. Which countries made
up each empire?
3. How did the Ottoman
Empire manage to
build such a massive
empire?
4. What was the religion
that was followed by
both empires?
5. What influence have
both empires left on
today’s world?
 Video Analysis: Self Assessment – Check answers in
purple pen, then sign your name.
As you watch the video, pay attention for the following details:
1. Which years did both empires span (begin and end)?
Ottoman Empire: 1299-1922
Moghul Empire: 1526-1858

2. Which countries made up each empire?

Ottoman Empire: Turkey
Moghul Empire: India and Pakistan

3. How did the Ottoman Empire manage to build such a massive empire?
Strong military, good trade relations with European countries

4. What was the religion that was followed by both empires?

Islam

5. What influence have both empires left on today’s world?

Language, religion,
Choose ONE of the following activities You will do
presentations in the
last 15 minutes of
to complete on ONE of the Empires: the lesson

Draw a Create a foldable for Create a T-chart that

ONE of the empires. compares the empires–
picture of Your foldable should be include details:
map of for information purposes • Date,
Ottoman OR to • where it is located on the
• Explain reasons why world map,
Mughal the empire wants to • the leaders,
empire. colonize • the causes behind them
Label the • Show the benefits of colonizing to build their
this empire colonizing empires.
countries. other countries, Then make a judgement on
which empire you would have
wanted to be leader of and
explain why.
Mughal Empire in India The Spanish in the Americas The Ottoman Empire
a. founded by Barbur (1483-1530) a. Spanish conquest (Mexico-1521; a. Like Mughals, Turkic-speaking Muslims from Central
b. Turkic Muslims from Central Asia Peru-1532) a partial conquest Asia
c. expanded by Akbar (1556-1605) b. Depended on ability to exploit local b. Gained control of Anatolia (roughly modern Turkey) in
d. depended in part on use of rivalries, find local allies to help fight wake of Mongol collapse
gunpowder technology to succeed the major powers (Aztecs, Incas) c. Quickly seized what was left of the Byzantine Empire,
e. largely a tribute empire c. Gunpowder helped in this, but taking Constantinople in 1453
I. war machine disease was even more important in d. wealth of Anatolia and ability to quickly adopt new
funded by tribute enabling Spanish to establish control technologies led to rapid expansion
from the d. Spanish established cities that they e. take control of Balkans, Middle East, and North Africa
conquered controlled directly, and where most f. Gained loyalty of locals by enabling them to join in
II. Conquest enabled Spanish lived conquest campaigns (like the Romans did)
expansion of army, e. Rural areas were left to largely to g. allowed local ethnic and religious leaders to administer
and thus more the control of local leaders who were law within their local communities
conquests prepared to cooperate and supply h. Janissaries
III. little was ruled tribute i. developed an elite corps of soldiers and bureaucrats
directly by f. Colonists were largely autonomous of loyal only to the Sultan
Mughals, but held distant Spain, especially those who j. Christian boys would be taken from families at seven
hostage to the lived away from the cites and the years old
threat of the army mines k. raised as Muslims, trained for war and government
g. Silver mines in Mexico and service
Peru/Bolivia become centerpiece of l. Expansion decreases out by 1700
economy I. unable to escape bottleneck of the
h. Colonies exchanged silver and some Mediterranean
agricultural products for European II. distant province become harder to control
and Asian goods III. general decline of royal family
 The Mughal Empire
Task: Challenge:
1) Cut out the cards about the first
Which Emperor do you think was the
6 Mughal Emperors and stick them best leader?
in Chronological order
Try and justify your decision with at
2) Use a highlighter/colour pen to least 2 facts, be prepared to answer out
shade positive and/or negative loud. (You’ll get a sticker as a a=reward!)
information about each leader I believe that the best leader
is…………………………because he helped the
empire to
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
____________________________
Aurangzeb (1657-1707)
Aurangzeb was a deeply religious man who did not spend money on unnecessary things. Aurangzeb dressed simply and
avoided drugs and alcohol. Aurangzeb showed little interest in paintings, so few exist of his time as emperor. He was a skilled
military leader who gained control of most of India during his 50 year reign. By the end of Aurangzeb’s reign, in 1707, the
Mughal Empire had grown to its greatest extent, but weaknesses were beginning to show. Keeping control of such a large
area of land was beginning to prove to be very difficult.

Shah Jahan (1627-57)

During Shah Jahan’s reign the power and influence of the Mughal Empire reached its peak. During Shah Jahan’s 30 reign he
developed the communication and tax system within the empire and made sure his influence and power reached every area
of his empire. Shah Jahan paid for the building of the many great buildings, including the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan trained up an
army to begin taking over more land .

Jahangir (1605- 27)

Akbar’s son, Jahangir, tried to continue his father’s religious tolerance, but he was addicted to alcohol and drugs. This meant
he wasn’t always a great leader. Jahangir did not increase the size of the Muhgal Empire in any significant way. Jahangir’s
wife, Nur Jahan, was a talented leader was made up for her husband’s faults. The years that followed their marriage in 1611
were peaceful. Lots of paintings were created during Jahangir’s reign that still exit today. However, Jahangir was slow to set
up trade links with Europe and many people in his empire lived in poverty.

Akbar (1556 -1605)

During his long reign of 49 years, Humayun’s son, Akbar fought to take control over more than half of India. This greatly
increased the size of the Mughal Empire. Akbar set up excellent communication across his Empire and a system for collecting
tax. This allowed the Mughal Empire to become very wealthy. This paid for Akbar’s palaces and the artists who painted many
of the paintings that still exist today. Akbar made sure that all religions were welcomed throughout his empire. Many people
saw Akbar as an extremely tolerant ruler by the standards of his time.

Babur (1526-30) and Humayun (1530-40, 1555-56)

In 1526, Babur invaded northern India from his base in Kabul and won a great victory at the battle of Panipat. Babur went on
to gain control over parts of Northern India, but at his death in 1530, the Mughal Empire was not safe from invaders.
Humayun, failed to hold on to his fathers lands. Humayun was driven out of India and forced to live in hiding after 1540. In
1555, Humayun gathered his army and retook control of Northern India. But he died suddenly in 1556.
Babur (1526-30) and Humayun (1530-40, 1555-56)
In 1526, Babur invaded northern India from his base in Kabul and won a great victory at the battle of Panipat. Babur went on
to gain control over parts of Northern India, but at his death in 1530, the Mughal Empire was not safe from invaders.
Humayun, failed to hold on to his fathers lands. Humayun was driven out of India and forced to live in hiding after 1540. In
1555, Humayun gathered his army and retook control of Northern India. But he died suddenly in 1556.

Akbar (1556 -1605)

During his long reign of 49 years, Humayun’s son, Akbar fought to take control over more than half of India. This greatly
increased the size of the Mughal Empire. Akbar set up excellent communication across his Empire and a system for collecting
tax. This allowed the Mughal Empire to become very wealthy. This paid for Akbar’s palaces and the artists who painted many
of the paintings that still exist today. Akbar made sure that all religions were welcomed throughout his empire. Many people
saw Akbar as an extremely tolerant ruler by the standards of his time.

rder
rect o
Jahangir (1605- 27)
C o r
Akbar’s son, Jahangir, tried to continue his father’s religious tolerance, but he was addicted to alcohol and drugs. This meant
he wasn’t always a great leader. Jahangir did not increase the size of the Muhgal Empire in any significant way. Jahangir’s
wife, Nur Jahan, was a talented leader was made up for her husband’s faults. The years that followed their marriage in 1611
were peaceful. Lots of paintings were created during Jahangir’s reign that still exit today. However, Jahangir was slow to set
up trade links with Europe and many people in his empire lived in poverty.

Shah Jahan (1627-57)

During Shah Jahan’s reign the power and influence of the Mughal Empire reached its peak. During Shah Jahan’s 30 reign he
developed the communication and tax system within the empire and made sure his influence and power reached every area
of his empire. Shah Jahan paid for the building of the many great buildings, including the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan trained up an
army to begin taking over more land .

Aurangzeb (1657-1707)
Aurangzeb was a deeply religious man who did not spend money on unnecessary things. Aurangzeb dressed simply and
avoided drugs and alcohol. Aurangzeb showed little interest in paintings, so few exist of his time as emperor. He was a skilled
military leader who gained control of most of India during his 50 year reign. By the end of Aurangzeb’s reign, in 1707, the
Mughal Empire had grown to its greatest extent, but weaknesses were beginning to show. Keeping control of such a large
area of land was beginning to prove to be very difficult.
Plenary