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Cell Structure Function

This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It discusses the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document defines cells and provides examples of different cell types. It describes the main components of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key organelles such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane are defined along with their functions.

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darshanpanda
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33 views

Cell Structure Function

This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It discusses the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic functional units of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document defines cells and provides examples of different cell types. It describes the main components of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Key organelles such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane are defined along with their functions.

Uploaded by

darshanpanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure

& Function

Dr Darshan Panda ( Scientist, Author,


Educator )
Cell Theory

• All living things are made up of cells.


• Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life


functions.
Examples of Cells

Amoeba Proteus

Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic

• Do not have structures


surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
“Typical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane

• Outer membrane of cell


that controls movement in
and out of the cell
• Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall

• Most commonly found in


plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus

• Directs cell activities


• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Nuclear Membrane

• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow material
to enter and leave
nucleus

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes

• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions for
traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus

• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in
cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes

• Each cell contains


thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes &
floating throughout the
cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria

• Produces energy through


chemical reactions – breaking
down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies

• Protein 'packaging plant'


• Move materials within
the cell
• Move materials out of
the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
• Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell membrane
for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs
for storage, digestion,
and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain
shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast

• Usually found in plant


cells
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis
takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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