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Lecture 5

The document discusses the density distribution of charges in the nucleus. It explains that the nucleus behaves like a circular disk that electrons can diffract off of. This diffraction results in the first minimum occurring at an angle that is related to the electron wavelength and nuclear radius. The minimum does not occur at zero intensity because the nuclear surface is diffuse rather than sharp, which can be modeled by the Woods Saxon density distribution formula. This formula contains parameters for the central density, half-density radius, and diffuseness, and plotting it versus radius for various nuclei shows how density decreases with distance from the center.

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Rainesius Dohling
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17 views8 pages

Lecture 5

The document discusses the density distribution of charges in the nucleus. It explains that the nucleus behaves like a circular disk that electrons can diffract off of. This diffraction results in the first minimum occurring at an angle that is related to the electron wavelength and nuclear radius. The minimum does not occur at zero intensity because the nuclear surface is diffuse rather than sharp, which can be modeled by the Woods Saxon density distribution formula. This formula contains parameters for the central density, half-density radius, and diffuseness, and plotting it versus radius for various nuclei shows how density decreases with distance from the center.

Uploaded by

Rainesius Dohling
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 6

Density distribution of charges in the nucleus


If we assume that the nucleus behaves like a circular disk and the electrons

undergo diffraction from the disk while scattering, one expects the first minimum at

an angle of Sinθ  1.22λ/R , where R is the radius of the charge.

 De Broglie wavelength of the electrons. Calculate the value of

when the energy of the incident electron is 130MeV. From the graph below

the first minimum occurs at 450 . The minimum as seen in the fig does not occur

at zero intensity unlike optical diffraction.


The reason is because unlike a circular disk which has a sharp surface, the nuclear

surface is not sharp but there is a diffuseness in the density distribution near the

edge. This can be easily explained by the density distribution described in the

of Woods Saxon form.

 ……………………………………
(6.1)  (r )  0

r R
1  exp 
 a 
a is the diffuseness parameter , ρ0 is the constant density at the centre (core)

In equation (6.1) if r=R, then ρ(R) =ρ0/2.

Hence R is the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the point when the density

becomes half of the maximum . Now a is a measure of the surface thickness (t)

such that the distance over which the density falls from 90 percent of ρ0 to 10

percent of ρ0 is 4.4a.

t=4.4a
  0.165nucleons / fm
3

1
R  1.07 A fm 3

a  0.55 fm

Plot ρ(r ) versus r for Ca 40 , Co60 , V50


and Bi209 , what can be said about the
pattern? Calculate R from the graph and
compare with the empirical formula
Thank You

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