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Brake System

The document defines and describes the various types of brake systems used in automobiles. It discusses mechanical, disc, hydraulic, power-assisted, air, and hand brake systems. The hydraulic brake system is the most common, using fluid pressure to transfer force from the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders to engage the brake pads or shoes and slow the vehicle through friction.

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Rajesh Kumar
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319 views24 pages

Brake System

The document defines and describes the various types of brake systems used in automobiles. It discusses mechanical, disc, hydraulic, power-assisted, air, and hand brake systems. The hydraulic brake system is the most common, using fluid pressure to transfer force from the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders to engage the brake pads or shoes and slow the vehicle through friction.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BRAKE SYSTEM

DEFINITION OF BRAKE SYSTEM:


 A brake is one of the most important controls of the
vehicle.

 This is a combination of some interactive parts.

 It absorbs energy from the moving part and slows


down the vehicle with the help of friction.
FUNCTIONS OF BRAKE SYSTEM:

 The function of the brake system is to stop the vehicle


within the smallest possible distance and hence this is
done converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the
heat energy which is dissipated into the atmosphere.
TYPES OF BRAKE SYSTEM IN
AUTOMOBILE:
 Thebrake system in an automobile can be
classified into these following categories:

1. Mechanical Brake
2. Disc Brake
3. Hydraulic Brake
4. Power-assisted Brake
5. Air Brake
6. Electric and
7. Hand brake System
MECHANICAL BRAKE:
 The mechanical brake is
used in small power
automobiles like scooters,
motorcycles and some
modern vehicles.
 As the brake pedal is pressed cam
rotates, which pushes the brake shoes
outwards and hence brake lining
provided on the outer surface of the
shoes rub against rotating the drum and
hence slow down or stops the vehicles
because the drum is connected to the
wheels.
 As the pedal is released, due to
retracting spring force shoes return to its
original position.
DISC BRAKE:
 The disc brake is used in motor vehicles and cars, etc.
 When the pedal is pressed piston pushes the pad by the
pressure of the hydraulic fluid. The diagram is shown
below:
 The friction pad rub against the rotating disc connected
to the wheels of the vehicle and thus braking takes place.
 And as the pedal is released friction pad returns to its
original position between the pressure of hydraulic fluid
reduces.
HYDRAULIC BRAKE:
 Hydraulic brake works on the principle which is based
on Pascal’s principle, which states that “confined liquid
transmits pressure without loss in all direction”.

 This is simple in construction and has an equal braking


effort to all wheels and smooth operation.
 When the brake pedal is pressed, fluid from the master
cylinder enters into the wheel cylinders through
pipelines by the force of the piston.
 Due to the liquid force, the piston of the wheel cylinder
pushes outward which pushes the shoes outward.
 Lining rub against the drum and hence braking take
place.
 Now when the pedal is released, the piston of the master
cylinder moves backward and fluid from the wheel
cylinder moves to the master cylinder through the check
valve.
 This type is commonly used in all cars, etc.
MASTER CYLINDER:
 The master cylinder is the heart of the hydraulic
brake system.
 It consists of two chambers:
 The reservoir.
 Compression chamber, in which piston reciprocates.

 The piston is connected to the brake pedal through the


piston rod. From the reservoir, fluid enters the
compression chamber through the parts as shown.
 The master cylinder is connected to the wheel cylinders
through the pipe.
 The check valve is provided in order to give passage for
entering fluid from the wheel cylinder to the master
cylinder when the pedal is released.
(see the below animation for a clear understanding.)
POWER-ASSISTED OR VACUUM
BRAKE:
 The line diagram indicates the construction of a power-
assisted or vacuum brake as shown below.
 As the brake pedal is pressed, the fluid pressure causes
the upper valve of a control unit to open and lower the
valve to close.
 Thus left the side of the servo cylinder piston is exposed
to atmosphere and vacuum acts on the right side, which
causes the braking effort.
 Braking takes place by suction from the engine inlet
manifold.
AIR BRAKE:
 This type of air brake system is commonly used in
heavy vehicles such as buses, trucks, etc.
 In this also when the brake pedal is pressed, air to
atmosphere enters the compressor through the air filter to
the reservoir through unloader value.
 From unloader valve air enter brake chamber brake
valve.
 Brake valve is fitted in order to control the intensity of
braking. Thus braking takes place.
 When the pedal is pressed shoes return to its original
through position through the spring force.
GIRLING MECHANISM BRAKE:
 This system consists of an expander used for braking and
adjuster unit to adjust the brake shoes when desired.
 As the brake pedal is pressed, the pulls rod of expander
pulled out which pulls out the conical wedge.
 The brake shoe connected to the conical wedge through
plunger and steel roller ball pulls outward. Thus braking
the wheel.
 When the pedal is released, spring force brings the brake
shoe to its original position.
 It requires less friction,. Without jacking up vehicles
brakes can be adjusted.
ELECTRICAL BRAKE SYSTEM:
 The principle of working of this type of brake is to
utilize the electromagnetic force on the brake shoes.
 It consists of an electromagnet, armature disc.

 An electromagnet is mounted on the backplate and


armature disc is fed to the drum.
 This is simple in construction.

 For working, electric current for the battery is utilized to


energize the electromagnet which actuated the cams that
expands the shoes. Thus braking the wheel.
HAND BRAKE SYSTEM:
 Hand brakes or the parking brakes operate independently
of the foot brakes.
 These are used for parking on slopes or while waiting at
traffic lights, where the handbrake function is mainly to
minimize accidents.
 This brake is applied after the foot brake is applied.

 These are mechanical brakes.

 Apart from the hydraulic braking system, all cars have a


mechanical handbrake acting on two wheels – usually
the rear ones.
 The handbrake gives limited braking
if the hydraulic system fails
completely, but its main purpose is as
a parking brake.
 The handbrake lever pulls a cable or
pair of cables linked to the brakes by
a set of smaller levers, pulleys, and
guides whose details vary greatly
from car to car.
 A ratchet on the handbrake lever
keeps the brake on once it is applied.
A push-button disengages the ratchet
and frees the lever.
 On drum brakes, the handbrake
system presses the brake linings
against the drums.
 Disc brakes sometimes have a comparable handbrake
arrangement, but because it is difficult to place the
linkages on a compact caliper, there may be a completely
separate set of handbrake pads for each disc.
Thank you…

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