Hands-On Microsoft

Windows Server 2003

Chapter 1
Introduction to
Windows Server 2003,
Standard Edition
Windows Server 2003 Platforms
• Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition

• Windows Server 2003, Web Edition

• Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition

• Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition

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Windows Server 2003, Standard
Edition
• For the everyday needs of small to large
businesses

– File and print services

– Secure Internet connectivity
– Centralized management of network resources
– Supports up to two processors on an SMP computer
– Can utilize up to 4 GB of RAM

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Windows Server 2003, Web Edition
• For hosting and deploying Web services and
applications

– Supports up to two processors

– Can utilize up to 2 GB of RAM
– Optimized to run Microsoft Internet Information
Services 6.0
– Cannot manage network resources via hosting Active
Directory

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Windows Server 2003, Enterprise
Edition
• For networks requiring high-end servers and a
high level of productivity

– Supports up to eight processors

– Supports up to 32 GB for x86 computers and up to 64
GB for Itanium computers
– Enables clustering of up to eight computer nodes
– Supports hot-add memory
– Provides Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) and
Microsoft Metadirectory Services

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Windows Server 2003, Datacenter
Edition
• For environments with critical applications, very
large databases, and a high level of information
access

– Support eight to 32 processors

– Eight-node clustering capacity
– Can utilize 64 GB for x86 computers and 128 GB for
Itanium processors
– Supports hot-add memory
– Designed for large database applications

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7
Windows XP Professional
XP Professional is the client workstation most
compatible with Windows Server 2003.

– Achieves a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than

other operating systems
– Features automatic installation and configuration
controlled by Windows Server 2003
– Compatible with Active Directory, a management
database

• A client is a computer that accesses resources on another computer.

• A workstation is a computer with its own CPU

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Windows Server 2003 Features
• Centralized Administration and
Management of Resources
– Active Directory service manages network resources.
– Objects stored in Active Directory are easily
accessible to all users.
– Objects are grouped into units, domains, trees,
forests, and sites.
– Remote system administration through one central
location

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Windows 2003 Features
• Security

– File and folder permissions

– Security policies
– Encryption and authentication
– Event auditing
– Server management and monitoring tools

10
Windows 2003 Features
• Scalability and Compatibility

– Scales to multiple processors

– Supports multiple user connections
– Up to 15,000 in the Standard Edition
– Compatible with many different operating systems
and platforms
• IBM, Novell, UNIX, Linux, Banyan, DEC,
Macintosh

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Windows 2003 Features
• Reliability

– Kernel runs in privileged mode

– Legacy applications run within a virtual DOS machine
– Multitasking support
• Ability to run multiple programs at the same time
• Preemptive multitasking separates each program’s memory
areas
– Multithreading support
• Ability to run several program code blocks at the same time

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Windows 2003 Features
• Distributability

– Divides computer functions across many computers

– Uses the Distributed Component Object Model
(DCOM)
• Software components can communicate over a
network.
• Software applications can be integrated across
several computers.

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Windows 2003 Features
• Fault Tolerance and Recovery

– Recovery from hard disk failure through RAID

– Protection from data loss through backup
– Recovery from system configuration errors
– Protection from power outages
– Advanced warning about system and hardware
problems

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Planning a Windows Server
2003 Networking Model
• Networks are communications systems
linking computers and their resources.
– Physically connected by cables or wireless devices
– Can be local or worldwide
• Windows Server 2003 implements two
types of networks.
– Peer-to-peer networking
– Server-based networking

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Peer-to-peer Networking
• Designed for ten or less
workstations
• Only moderate network
security
– Users manage their own
account information.
• No centralized storage of
information
• No centralized
administration control
– Lack of management for
users and critical files
– Inability to centrally
back up important files
• Slower response times when
sharing resources

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Server-based Networking
• Users log in once to access
resources.
• Stronger security because of
server management
• Shared files by members
• Shared printers and other
resources
• E-mail capability through an
email server
• Applications stored in a central
location
• Backups scheduled and
performed from a central
location
• Shared resources can reflect
the work patterns of
subgroups.
• More efficient software
upgrades

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 Protocols for the Windows
Server 2003 Networking Model
• (TCP/IP) suite is most
widely used.

– TCP
• Provides connection-
oriented communication
• Sequencing, data flow,
open/close sessions
– IP
• Provides network
addressing
• Routes data over different
networks
• A router reads IP
addresses and forwards
packets to the appropriate
network.
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IP Addresses
• 32-bits long, with four fields of decimal
values representing 8-bit binary octets
– Example: 10000001.00000101.00001010.01100100
converts to 129.5.10.100 in decimal format
• Divided into a network identifier and a host
identifier
– Example: 192.168.1.40 is host 40 on subnet
198.162.1

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IP Addresses (cont.)
• Types of transmission

– Unicast: Sent from a

server to each requesting
client

– Multicast: Sent once from

the server and reaching
all requesting clients

– Broadcast: Sent to all

points in a network

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Default Gateway & Subnet
Masks

• Default Gateway
– IP address of the network router that connect to other networks
– Used when the destination computer is on another network
• Subnet masks
– Divide a network into sub-networks
– Show the class of address
– Example: Subnet mask for class A addresses: 255.0.0.0

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IP Address Considerations
• 127.0.0.0 cannot be used for any network.
• 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address.
• Certain addresses are reserved for private
network use (see Table 1-2).
• Network numbers cannot be assigned to a
computer.
• The highest number on a network is reserved for
broadcast messages.

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Name Resolution
• Computers are usually referred to by name
rather than IP address.

– NetBIOS names are used on older Windows-based

systems.
• Use Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) or LMHosts
files for resolution.

– TCP/IP networks use the Domain Name System

(DNS).
• Windows servers offer Dynamic Domain Name System
(DDNS) for resolution.

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Physical Addresses and the
Address Resolution Protocol
• Each workstation network interface card (NIC)
has a physical address called the media access
control (MAC) address.

• Local delivery of packets relies on MAC address

– a host must be able to determine the MAC address
for every IP it wants to communicate with
– MAC addresses are obtained using the Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP).

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Implementing TCP/IP in
Windows Server 2003
• Installed by default in
Windows Server 2003
• Protocol of choice
• NetBEUI no longer
supported
• Decide on static or
dynamic addressing

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Dynamic Addressing
• Requires a DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control
Protocol)

• DHCP saves administrative effort by assigning

the following:

– IP address
– Subnet mask
– Default gateway
– DNS server

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Automatic Private IP Addressing
• If there is no DHCP server, an IP address in the
range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 is
assigned.
• The computer can only communicate with others
on the same network that are automatically
configured.
• Disable automatic configuration through the
registry, but use caution.

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Static Addressing
• Use static addressing
for routers, servers
and other critical
devices

– Static addressing can

be done manually, but
is error prone

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