THE CONTEMPORARY

WORLD SY 2023-2024
 COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course introduces students to the contemporary world by
examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the
various disciplines of the social sciences, it examines the economic,
social, political, technological, and other transformations that
have created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of
peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the course
provides an overview of the various debates in global governance,
development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to
the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of
global citizenship and global ethical responsibility. This course
includes mandatory topics on population education in the context of
population and demography.
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
• At the end of the course the students should be able to: 
A. Competencies 
• Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to
globalization 
• Describe the emergence of global economic, political,
social, and cultural systems 
• Analyze the various contemporary drivers of globalization 
• Understand the issues confronting the nation-state 
• Assess the effects of globalization on different social units
and their responses 
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
B. Skills 
• Analyze contemporary news events in the context of
globalization
• Analyze global issues in relation to Filipinos and the
Philippines 
• Write a research paper with proper citations on a topic related
to globalization 
C. Values
• Articulate personal positions on various global issues
• Identify the ethical implications of global citizenship
 DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION
.
 OBJECTIVES
- To understand what globalization
means
- To know how globalization has
evolved
- To learn the different benefits of
globalization
 THE CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
• Refers to circumstances and ideas of the
present age, where it deals with problems and
issues related to the environment, population,
wealth, power, tensions, and conflicts.
 WHY STUDY THE
CONTEMPORARY WORLD?
• To be aware of Contemporary World problems and
issues that all societies must be concerned about.
• To develop competencies and construct knowledge
about problems and issues and become aware of our
roles and our responsibilities as citizens.
 GLOBALIZATION
- The process of world shrinkage, of
distances, getting shorter, and things
moving closer.
- It pertains to the increasing ease with
which somebody on one side of the
world can interact to mutual benefit
with somebody on one side of the world
( Thomas Larson 2001 )
 GLOBALIZATION

In the mid-1990s, Martin Khor, the

former President of Third World
Network in Malaysia, once regarded
globalization as colonization
 OVERVIEW

- Globalization is many things to many

different people
- It is a world of things that have
different speeds, axes, points of origin
and termination and varied
relationships to institutional structures
in different regions, nations or societies.
 OVERVIEW
- Globalization is the debate and the
debate is globalization. One became
part and parcel of the other.
- The literature stemming from the
debate on globalization has grown in
the last decade beyond any
individual’s capability of extracting a
workable definition of the concept.
 OVERVIEW
Globalization (Borderless) as defined by the World
Health Organization:
• It is the increased interconnectedness and
interdependence of people and countries, through the
opening of international borders to increasingly fast
flows of goods, services, finance, people, and ideas and
the changes in institutions and policies of national and
international levels that facilitate or promote such
flows.
 OVERVIEW
• With the birth of Information Technology and the
widespread of these makes the world is interconnected
to each other. Because of these anything and
everything becomes global.
• Networking plays a pivotal role in establishing
relationships between nations in the world resulting in
the introduction of new normal Globalization.
 DIFFERENCES: GLOBALIZATION,
INTERNATIONALIZATION, AND WESTERNIZATION

Globalization is the speed-up of movements and exchanges of

human resources, goods and services capital, technologies, and
cultural practices between countries in the world or expansion
and intensification of economic, political, and social relations
and consciousness across the world.

Internationalization describes designing a product in a way that

it may be readily consumed across multiple countries.

Westernization is a process whereby societies come under or adopt

Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, politics,
economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, and
traditions.
 OVERVIEW
“Attitudes toward globalization
depend, among other things, on
whether one gains or loses from it”
(Ritzer 2003 )
 METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
-SOLID AND LIQUID

SOLIDITY - refers to barriers that

prevent or make difficult the
movement of things.
- Can either be natural or man-made
 SOLID AND LIQUID
LIQUID - takes the shape of the
container; not fixed
LIQUIDITY - refers to the increasing
ease of movement of people, things,
information and places in the
contemporary world
 SOLID AND LIQUID
space and time are crucial elements of
globalization
Ex: changes in the stock market are a
matter of seconds
- Movement is difficult to stop
Ex: viral video
 SOLID AND LIQUID

Liquidity and solidity are in constant

interaction. However, liquidity is the
one increasing and proliferating today.
Therefore, the metaphor that could
best describe globalization is liquidity.
 OTHER DEFINITIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
- It is the process of international integration
arising from the interchange of world views,
products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.
(Gupta, Nikhil)

- the networking and expansion of once local

products, beliefs, and practices into universal
products, often through technology.
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization in Economics
• Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with
satellite offices and branches in numerous locations
• Outsourcing can add to the economic development of a
struggling country, bringing much-needed jobs.
• Some automobiles use parts from other countries, as in a
car being assembled in the United States with the parts
coming from Japan, Germany, or Korea.
• One shirt sold in the United States could have been made
from Chinese cotton by workers in Thailand. Then it could
have been shipped on a French freighter that had a
Spanish crew.
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization in the Blending of Cultures

• Colonization all over the world was a major cause of

globalization

• Christian missionaries from Europe added to

the globalization of Christianity

• Satellite television allows shows from one

country to be broadcast in many others,
adding to cultural globalization
 EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization in Technology
• The Internet is a major contributor to globalization,
not only technologically but in other areas as well, like
in cultural exchanges of the arts.
• Global news networks, like CNN, contribute to the
spread of knowledge.
• Cell phones connect people all over the world like
never before. Around 60 percent of all people in the
world use cell phones.
 CATEGORIES OF
GLOBALIZATION
Economic, Political, and Social

• Though the three are interdependent, economic and

political forces are usually the driving factors of
globalization, while social changes generally occur as a
result of those activities

• Social globalization pertains to human interaction

within cultural communities, encompassing topics like
family, religion, work, and education.
 IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION
Economic Impact
- Improvement in standard of living
- Increased competition among nations
- Widening income gap between the rich and poor

Social impact
- Increased awareness of foreign cultures
- Loss of local culture

Environmental impact
– Environmental degradation
– Environmental management
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Peaceful Relations
Most of the countries have resorted to trade relations with each
other in order to boost their economy, leaving behind any bitter
past experiences if any

- Employment
Considered one of the most crucial advantages, globalization has
led to the generation of numerous employment opportunities.
Companies are moving towards developing countries to acquire a
labor force.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Education
• A very critical advantage that has aided the population is the spread
of education. With numerous educational institutions around the
globe, one can move out from the home country for better
opportunities elsewhere.

- Product Quality
• The product quality has been enhanced so as to retain the
customers. Today customers may compromise with the price range
but not with the quality of the product. Low or poor quality can
adversely affect consumers.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Cheaper Prizes
• Globalization has brought fierce competition in the
markets.
- Communication
• Every single piece of information is easily accessible
from almost every corner of the world. Circulation of
information is no longer a tedious task and can happen
in seconds. The Internet has significantly affected the
global economy, thereby providing direct access to
information and products.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Transportation
• Considered the wheel of every business organization,
connectivity to various parts of the world is no more a serious
problem. Today with various modes of transportation available,
one can conveniently deliver products to a customer located in
any part of the world.

- GDP Increase
• Gross Domestic Product, commonly known as GDP, is the
money value of the final goods and services produced within the
domestic territory of the country during an accounting year.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Free Trade
Free trade is a policy in which a country does not levy
taxes, duties, subsidies, or quotas on the import/export
of goods or services from other countries. There are
countries that have resolved to free trade in specific
regions. This allows consumers to buy goods and
services, comparatively at a lower cost.
 ADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- IT Travel and Tourism
Globalization has promoted tourism to great heights.
International trade among different countries also helps in
increasing the number of tourists that visit different places
around the world

- External Borrowing
with the help of globalization, there is an opportunity for
corporate, national, and sub-national borrowers to have
better access to external finance, with facilities such as
external commercial borrowing and syndicated loans.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Health Issues
Globalization has given rise to more health risks and
presents new threats and challenges for epidemics.
• The dawn of HIV/AIDS
Having its origin in the wilderness of Africa, the
virus has spread like wildfire throughout the globe in
no time
• Food items are also transported to various
countries, and this is a matter of concern, especially
in the case of perishable items.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Loss of Culture
With a large number of people moving into and out of a
country, the culture takes a backseat. People may adapt
to the culture of the resident country. They tend to
follow the foreign culture more, forgetting their own
roots. This can give rise to cultural conflicts.

- Uneven Wealth Distribution

It is said that the rich are getting richer while the poor
are getting poorer. In the real sense, globalization has
not been able to reduce poverty.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Environmental Degradation
The industrial revolution has changed the outlook of the
economy. Industries are using natural resources by means of
mining, drilling, etc. which puts a burden on the environment.

- Disparity
Though globalization has opened new avenues like wider
markets and employment, there still exists a disparity in the
development of the economies. Structural unemployment
owes to the disparity created. Developed countries are moving
their factories to foreign countries where labor is cheaply
available.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
GLOBALIZATION
- Conflicts
It has given rise to terrorism and other forms of violence.
Such acts not only cause loss of human life but also huge
economic losses

- Cut-throat Competition
Opening the doors of international trade has given birth to
intense competition. This has affected the local markets
dramatically. The local players thereby suffer huge losses as
they lack the potential to advertise or export their products
on a large scale. Therefore the domestic markets shrink.
 SYNTHESIS ABOUT
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization lets countries do what they can do best. If,
for example, you buy cheap steel from another country
you don’t have to make your own steel. You can focus on
computers or other things. " Globalization gives you a
larger market. You can sell more goods and make more
money. You can create more jobs. " Consumers also profit
from globalization. Products become cheaper and you can
get new goods more quickly.
 SYNTHESIS ABOUT
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized
countries because firms move their factories to places
where they can get cheaper workers. ! Globalization may
lead to more environmental problems. A company may
want to build factories in other countries because
environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home.
Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down
more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries.
 SYNTHESIS ABOUT
GLOBALIZATION
Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in
Africa, may get even poorer. Their population is not as
educated as in developed countries and they don’t have
the new technology that we do.

Human, animal, and plant diseases can spread more

quickly through globalization.
 LEARNING ACTIVITY
How Globalized is Your Home ?
1. Do an inventory of everything in your home (e.g. footwear,
clothes, computer, cellphones, watches, appliances, and
among others.
2. Organize your inventory into two types: First, “things” that
are made in the Philippines, and second, those that are of
foreign brand. List the countries of origin of your foreign-
brand items.
3. In class compare your lists with those of your classmates to
determine which countries make the most household and
personal needs you and your families have.
4. Discuss why certain products are made in the Philippines
while others are produced abroad.
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