IT and Its Applications in Business

By:
Tilahun Shiferaw
Haramaya University
Department of Information Sciences

Educating IT is not a choice it is a must

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McGraw-Hill Technology Education
 Ground rules
•Listen actively to each speaker.
•Avoid interrupting.
•Be respectful of other people's opinions, even if they are
different from yours.
•Join class on time.
•Do not leave class early without okaying it with the instructor in
advance.
•Ask questions after the class demonstration if you are
confused .
•Submit the assignments on the due dates

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Information Technology
Information technology (IT) is the use of computers
and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve,
transmit, and manipulate data.
IT is a broad term that encompasses many different
technologies, including:
Computer hardware: This includes the physical
components of a computer, such as the central
processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage devices.
Computer software: This includes the programs that
run on a computer, such as operating systems,
applications, and utilities.

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Cont…
Telecommunications: This includes the transmission of
data over wired and wireless networks.
Networking: This includes the connecting of computers
and other devices together to form a network.
Data storage: This includes the storing of data on
physical media, such as hard drives, CDs, and DVDs.
Data security: This includes the protection of data from
unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption,
modification, or destruction

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Application of IT in business
IT has become an essential part of business, and its
applications are vast.
Customer relationship management (CRM): CRM
software helps businesses manage their relationships
with customers. This can include tracking customer
interactions, providing customer support, and managing
sales leads.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP): ERP software
helps businesses integrate their different departments
and processes. This can include accounting, inventory
management, and human resources.

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Supply chain management (SCM): SCM software
helps businesses manage their supply chains. This can
include tracking inventory, coordinating shipments, and
managing suppliers.
Business intelligence (BI): BI software helps
businesses analyze their data. This can be used to
make better business decisions, identify trends, and
improve efficiency.
Web analytics: Web analytics software helps
businesses track their website traffic. This can be used
to see where visitors are coming from, what pages
they are viewing, and how long they are staying on the
site.

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Cont….
E-commerce: E-commerce software helps businesses sell
products and services online. This can include setting up a
website, processing payments, and managing inventory.

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Benefits of using IT in business:
Reduced costs: IT can help businesses reduce costs by
automating tasks, streamlining processes, and improving
communication.
Increased productivity: IT can help businesses increase
productivity by providing employees with the tools they need to
work more efficiently.
Improved customer service: IT can help businesses improve
customer service by providing customers with self-service
options and by making it easier to track customer interactions.
Increased competitive advantage: IT can help businesses gain
a competitive advantage by providing them with access to new
markets, new products, and new services.

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Individual assignment
22/07/23-presentation
Introduction : This slide would introduce the concept and explain what it is. It would
also define some of the key terms related to the topic.
Benefits : This slide would outline the benefits of implementing a system. Some of
the benefits that could be mentioned include improved efficiency, productivity, and
communication; increased visibility into operations; and better decision-making.
Types of systems: This slide would discuss the different types of systems that are
available.
Choosing a system: This would discuss the factors that should be considered when
choosing a system. Some of the factors that could be mentioned include the size of
the business, the industry the business is in, and the budget the business has.
Implementation of systems: This slide would discuss the steps involved in
implementing a system. Some of the steps that could be mentioned include
planning, selection, implementation, and training.

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Cont…
The impact of IT on business processes: This assignment would explore the ways in which IT has
changed the way businesses operate. The student would need to research how IT has impacted
different business processes, such as customer service, manufacturing, and supply chain
management.
The role of IT in decision-making: This assignment would examine the ways in which IT can be used to
make better business decisions. The student would need to research how IT can be used to collect
and analyze data, and how this data can be used to make informed decisions.
The future of IT in business: This assignment would look at the ways in which IT is likely to change the
way businesses operate in the future. The student would need to research emerging technologies,
such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, and how these technologies could impact businesses.
The ethical implications of IT in business: This assignment would explore the ethical issues that arise
from the use of IT in business. The student would need to research ethical issues such as data privacy,
data security, and the impact of IT on employment.
The social implications of IT in business: This assignment would explore the social impact of the use of
IT in business. The student would need to research social issues such as the digital divide, the impact
of IT on society, and the role of IT in social change.

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 COMPUTER MEANING
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data.
It has ability to accept, store, process, and retrieve data.
Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work
with data/Information.
Computer can not do anything without a Program.

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The How computer process data

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 Four Functions about computer are:

 Accepts data   Input

 Processes data   Processing
 Produces output   Output
 Stores results   Storage
Input (Data):
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the 
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.

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 Cont.…
Process:
Process is the operation of data as per given
instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer
system.
Output:
Output is the processed data given by computer after
data processing.
Output is also called as Result. We can save these
results in the storage devices for the future use.

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 Brain storming

Why we need computer in our daily activities?

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Cont.…
1. Speed: – As you know computer can work very fast.
It takes only few seconds for calculations that we take
hours to complete.
You will be surprised to know that computer can perform
millions (1,000,000) of instructions and even more per
second.
2. Accuracy: – The degree of accuracy of computer is
very high and every calculation is performed with the
same accuracy.
Note: The accuracy level is  determined on the basis of design of computer.
The errors in computer are due to human and inaccurate data.

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Cont…
3. Diligence: – A computer is free from tiredness, lack
of concentration, fatigue, etc.
4. Versatility: – It means the capacity to perform
completely different type of work.
5. Power of Remembering: – Computer has the power
of storing any amount of information or data.
Any information can be stored and recalled as long as
you require it, for any numbers of years.
6. No IQ: – Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot
do any work without instruction from the user.

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Cont….
7. No Feeling: – It does not have feelings or emotion,
taste, knowledge and experience.
8. Storage: – The Computer has an in-
built memory where it can store a large amount of
data.

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Parts of the Computer System
Computer systems have four parts
◦ Hardware
◦ Software
◦ Data
◦ User

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Parts of the Computer System
Hardware
◦ Mechanical devices in the computer
◦ Anything that can be touched
Software
◦ Tell the computer what to do
◦ Also called a program
◦ Thousands of programs exist

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Parts of the Computer System
Data
◦ Pieces of information
◦ Computer organize and present data
Users
◦ People operating the computer
◦ Most important part
◦ Tell the computer what to do

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Information Processing Cycle
Steps followed to process data
Input
Processing
Output
Storage

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Essential Computer Hardware
Computers use the same basic hardware
Hardware categorized into four types

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Essential Computer Hardware
Processing devices (CPU)
◦ Brains of the computer
◦ Carries out instructions from the program
◦ Manipulate the data
◦ Most computers have several processors

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Essential Computer Hardware
Memory devices
◦ Stores data or programs
◦ Random Access Memory (RAM)
◦ Volatile
◦ Stores current data and programs
◦ More RAM results in a faster system
◦ Read Only Memory (ROM)
◦ Permanent storage of programs
◦ Holds the computer boot directions

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Essential Computer Hardware
Input and output devices
◦ Allows the user to interact
◦ Input devices accept data
◦ Keyboard, mouse
◦ Output devices deliver data
◦ Monitor, printer, speaker
◦ Some devices are input and output
◦ Touch screens

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Essential Computer Hardware
Storage devices
◦ Hold data and programs permanently
◦ Different from RAM
◦ Magnetic storage
◦ Floppy and hard drive
◦ Uses a magnet to access data
◦ Optical storage
◦ CD and DVD drives
◦ Uses a laser to access data

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Software Component
Computer software is a set of step-by-step
instructions given to the computer in the form of
programs or procedures or routines in order to
accomplish any specified task or to process the raw
data and convert it into meaningful information.
In short the software is the intelligence of the
computer.

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Classification of the software
System software
 Operating system
 Device driver
 Language software
 Utility software
Application software
 Productivity Software:
 Home / Personal software:
 Education / Reference software:
 Entertainment software:

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 Operating system (OS)
is a computer program that manages the hardware
and software resources of a computer.
It is considered as the boss of the whole system.
Basic functions of operating system are:
 input /output management
 memory management
 file management
 job control (process scheduling)

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Classification of Operating
System
Single user operating system
Multiuser operating system
Graphical user interface operating system
Multiprocessing operating system
Multitasking operating system
Multithreading operating system

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Single user operating
system:
This operating system controls only one user at a time.
It is used in personal computers.

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Multiuser operating system:
This operating system controls more than one user
at a time.
It is used in networking environment.

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Multiprocessing operating system:
It allows more than one processor for simultaneous
processing.

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Multitasking Operating System:
It allows multiple software processes to be run at
the same time.

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Multithreading operating system:
It allows different part of a software program to
run in parallel.

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 Device driver
It is a type of system software that introduces a
new device to the operating system and facilitates
the communication between the operating
system and the device.
Language software
Languages are used for writing instructions or
software.
Utility
Symantec AntiVirus

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Computer data
Fact with no meaning on its own
Stored using the binary number system
Data can be organized into files

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Computer users
Role depends on ability
◦ Setup the system
◦ Install software
◦ Mange files
◦ Maintain the system
“Userless” computers
◦ Run with no user input
◦ Automated systems

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