Computer Engineering - CPE6

Data
Structures and
Algorithms
Pointers, Dynamic Memory Allocation,
Arrays, Structures

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Contents of this presentation

Here’s what you’ll find in this presentation:

1.Intallation of C++ programming language

2.Pointers
3.Dynamic Memory Allocation and Arrays
4.Structures

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Intallation of C++

/01 Install CodeBlocks /02 Add to path

Copy the address of bin and
Just type code blocks and hit
paste it in environment
downloads
variables

/03 Write sample code /04 Compile and run

Write a simple hello world
In command line, compile
program(C++ syntax) in
and run your code.
your text editor

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Pointers
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of
another variable

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

&
symbol Variable Value Address
It returns the address of a variable if used
x 10 0x12345
before the variable name.

Usage:
int x = 10;

cout<< &x;

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

* symbol
Variable Value Address
It returns the value of a variable if used
before an address. x 10 0x12345

Usage:
int x = 10;

cout<< *(&x);

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

* symbol
Variable Value Address
It returns the value of a variable if used
before an address. x 10 0x12345

Usage: ptr 0x12345 0x98765

int x = 10;
int *ptr = &x;

cout<< *ptr;
cout<< ptr;

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Points to remember when using Pointers

• & symbol is used to get the address of a variable.
• * symbol is used to create a pointer variable.(i.e. *ptr)
• * can be used to retrieve a value when used before an
address.(i.e. *(&x) )
• A pointer variable has a separate address that is different
from its value.

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Dynamic Memory
Allocation and Arrays
Dynamic Memory Allocation is the process of assigning the memory
space during the execution time or run time.

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Memory allocation commands

C++ has a variety of commands for memory management:

1. new
2. delete
3. new[]
4. delete[]

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

new
The new keyword is used to allocate a single object on the heap. Here’s how
you implement it.

int *num = new int;

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

delete
The delete keyword is used to deallocate memory that was previously allocated
using new. Here’s how you implement it.

delete num;

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

new[ ]
It is used to allocate memory for an array of objects on the heap.

int *arr = new int[10];

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

delete[ ]
It is used to deallocate memory of the previous allocated memory using new[].

delete[] arr;

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Example:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int *ptr = new int;
int *arr = new int[10];

//your code here

delete ptr;
delete arr[];
return 0;
}

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Things to remember when implementing

DMA

Initialize the Loop over the

Pointer variable
pointer pointer

Set the pointer’s size based Access the elements of the

Declare a pointer variable.
on the user input. pointer.

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Structure in C+
+
Structure is user-defined type which contains a collection
of variables with different data types under a single
name.

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Example of Structure in C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Person {
    string fname;
    string lname;
    int age;
};

int main() {
    Person person1;
    person1.fname = "John";
    person1.lname = "Smith";
    person1.age = 30;
    cout << "Name: " << person1.fname + " " + person1.lname<< endl;
    cout << "Age: " << person1.age << endl;

    return 0;
}

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Computer Engineering - CPE6

Example of Structure in C++

using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Person {
    string name;
    int age;
};

int main() {
    Person people[3];
    people[0] = {"Alice", 25};
    people[1] = {"Bob", 30};
    people[2] = {"Charlie", 28};
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        cout << "Person " << i + 1 << ": Name = " << people[i].name << ", Age =
" << people[i].age << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

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THANKS!
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?

Louievic Samortin Sancon

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