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CH2 - Python Basics

This document provides an introduction to key concepts in Python including output, variables, data types, collections like lists and tuples, control structures like if/else statements and loops, functions, and object-oriented programming. It includes examples of printing output, defining variables, built-in data types, using lists and tuples, if/else conditional logic, while and for loops, defining functions, creating classes and objects, and inheritance. The document demonstrates how to write Python programs that get user input, perform calculations, and display results.

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evans kimathi
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41 views22 pages

CH2 - Python Basics

This document provides an introduction to key concepts in Python including output, variables, data types, collections like lists and tuples, control structures like if/else statements and loops, functions, and object-oriented programming. It includes examples of printing output, defining variables, built-in data types, using lists and tuples, if/else conditional logic, while and for loops, defining functions, creating classes and objects, and inheritance. The document demonstrates how to write Python programs that get user input, perform calculations, and display results.

Uploaded by

evans kimathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

CHAPTER 2
PERFORMING OUTPUT

• The keyword print is used for output


PYTHON SYNTAX
• End of commands are marked by a new line
• Indentation in python is very important – The second example generates an
error
COMMENTS

• The hash symbol is used for a single line

• Three quotation marks for multiple lines


VARIABLES IN PYTHON

• We don’t need to declare them. Simply start by assigning.

• They get their data type depending on how they are assigned
• Python is Case Sensitive
• Output can be combined using a +
DATA TYPES

• Python decides on the data type upon assignment. Data


items enclosed in quotes are assumed to be string. Python
has no character data type.
• Other Data types are numeric data types such as Int,
Float, and Complex.
• The keyword type is used to print the data type.
PYTHON COLLECTIONS
• Collections in Python are similar to arrays i.e. store several variables.
• There are four types of collections:
• List - is changeable
• Tuple - unchangeable
• Set - unindexed and unchanged.
• Dictionary – indexed and changeable.
LISTS

• List - changeable
• They are declared using square brackets
LIST METHODS
• Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on their collection of data structures.
• There are other functions. Try the len() function. What do you think it does?
TUPLES

• Tuple - unchangeable
• They are declared using round brackets
TURPLE METHODS

Try the following turple methods


• cmp(tuple1, tuple2) - Compares elements of both tuples.
• len(tuple) - Gives the total length of the tuple.
• max(tuple) - Returns item from the tuple with max value.
• min(tuple) - Returns item from the tuple with min value.
• tuple(seq) - Converts a list into tuple.
SETS
• Set - unindexed and unchanged.
• They are declared using curly brackets
• They also have their inbuilt methods
DICTIONARIES
Dictionary – indexed and changeable.
Dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values.
They also have their inbuilt methods
CASTING IN PYTHON

• This is done to convert data from one type to another


• Simply enclose the variable with the data to convert to e.g. int(), float(), str()
PERFORMING INPUT

• The keyword Input is used

• Numbers input are taken as string by default. To use them in a calculations


you must cast them as numeric
ARITHMETIC'S IN PYTHON
• Program that can request the user for two numbers and display the sum
Operator Name Example

+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y

• Write a program that generates the output below


CONTROL STRUCTURES- DECISION
• The conditional operators are as follows:
Operator Name Example

== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y

<= Less than or equal to x <= y

• Note the syntax and indentation


• Write a program that tells the user if a score input is a pass. Assume a pass
marks of 60%
• Write a program that tells the user if a number input is even or odd
CONTROL STRUCTURES - LOOPS

• We repeat the previous example 3 times using a


while loop
• Notice how indentation is used to mark the
beginning and end of a control structure.
CONTROL STRUCTURES - LOOPS

• The other common loop in Python is the for


loop
• Unlike in many other languages this loop in
python is used to iterate through python
collections I.e. lists, tuples, sets, and
dictionaries.
FUNCTIONS

• In Python a function is defined using the def keyword


• Indent the body of the function
• Use full colon after function definition
• Passing of parameters and returning of values is done the
same way as in other programming languages
• Write a program that can be used to +, -, x, or ÷ depending on
the users choice. Have a separate function to display the
results.
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAM
• Note how the class student and object stud1 are
created.
• Note the constructor __init__() function used to assign
values to object and carry out operations needed when
the object is being created.
• The self parameter has to be the first parameter of any
function in the class, and is used to access variables
that belongs to the class. It is a reference to the current
object of the class. It does not have to be named self ,
you can call it whatever you like.
• Write an object oriented program that can be used to
get the name, quantity and cost of items bought in a
store. The program should be able to ask the user for
the data. It should have a function to get the total cost
of items bought, and a function to display these costs.
Make use of three objects.
INHERITANCE

• Add an class for an employee that


inherits from persons. An employee
should have a job description, hours
worked and pay per hour.
• Display a PASS or FAIL for
students. Assume a 60% pass mark
• Display total pay for an employee.

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