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Chapter 1

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15 views16 pages

Chapter 1

Uploaded by

JERON MINA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1: Shift of

Educational Focus
from Content to
Learning Outcomes

Prepared by:
JERON B. MINA, LPT, MSME
09/04/2023 Sample Footer Text 1
Introduction
• Education originated from the terms “educare” or “educere” which meant “to draw
out.”
• Ironically, however, for centuries we succeeded in perpetuating the belief that
education is a “pouring in” process wherein the teacher is the infallible giver of
knowledge and the student is the passive recipient.
• The advent of technology caused a change of perspective in education, nationally
and internationally. 
• The teacher has become a facilitator of knowledge who assists in the organization,
interpretation and validation of acquired facts and information.
Outcomes-Based Education: Matching Intentions with Accomplishment

• Student-centered
• Faculty-driven
• Meaningful
Content-Based versus Outcome-Based Learning
Content-Based Learning
• A study of both language acquisition and subject matter.
• The target language becomes the medium in which important information can be
learned.
• Students are more intrinsically motivated to learn both the content and the
language simultaneously when students are studying a content area.
• It is most appropriate at intermediate and advanced proficiency levels.
Content-Based versus Outcome-Based Learning
Outcome-Based Learning
• A process that involves the restructuring of curriculum, assessment, and
reporting practices in education to reflect the achievement of high-order
learning than the accumulation of course credits (Tucker, 2002).
• The primary aim of OBE is to facilitate desired changes within the
learners, by increasing knowledge, developing skills, and/or positively
influencing attitudes, values, and judgment.
Content-Based versus Outcome-Based Learning
Outcome-Based Learning
• OBE embodies the idea that the best way to learn is to first determine
what needs to be achieved.
• Once the end goal (product or outcome) has been determined the
strategies, processes, techniques, and other ways and means can be put
into place to achieve the goal.
Content-Based Education Vs. Outcome-Based
Education (Spady, 1994)
Procedures in Implementing OBE

1. Identification of the educational objectives of the subject/ course.


2. Listing of learning outcomes specified for each subject/ course
objective. 
2.1 Cognitive
2.2 Psychomotor
Affective
3. Drafting outcomes assessment procedure.
The Outcomes of Education

1. Immediate outcomes are competencies/skills acquired upon completion of


a subject, a grade level, a segment of the program, or of the program itself.
Examples:
• Ability to communicate in writing and speaking
• Mathematical problem-solving skill
• Skill in identifying objects by using the different senses
• Ability to produce artistic or literary works
The Outcomes of Education
2. Deferred outcomes refer to the ability to apply cognitive, psychomotor and
affective skills/competencies in various situations many years after completion of
a subject; grade level or degree program.
Examples:
• Success in professional practice or occupation
• Promotion in a job
• Success in career planning, health and wellness
• Awards and recognition
Institutional, Program, Course, and Learning
Outcomes

Levels of Outcomes in OBE


• Institutional Outcomes – are statements of what the graduates of an
educational institution are supposed to be able to do beyond graduation.
• Program Outcomes – are what graduates of particular educational
programs or degrees are able to do at the completion of the degree or
program.
Institutional, Program, Course, and Learning
Outcomes

Levels of Outcomes in OBE


• Course Outcomes – are what students should be able to demonstrate at the
end of the course or subject.
• Learning or Instructional Outcomes – are what students should be able to
demonstrate after a lesson or instruction
Sample Educational Objectives and Learning Outcomes
(K to 12)
Learning Outcomes in Araling Panlipunan

Educational Objectives Learning Outcomes


1. Pagbibigay sa mga mag-aaral ng 1.1. Nailalarawan ang sariling buhay
kaalaman at pang-unawa tungkol sa tao, simula sa pagsilang hanggang sa
kapaligiran at lipunan (Cognitive kasalukuyang edad
objective) 1.2. Nasasabi at naipapaliwanag ang
mga alituntunin sa silid-aralan at sa
paaralan
1.3. Naiisa-isa ang mga tungkulin ng
isang mabuting mamamayan sa
pangangalaga ng kapaligiran
Educational Objectives Learning Outcomes

2. Paglinang ng kakayahan na 2.1. Nakakasulat ng sanaysay na


magsagawa ng proyektong naglalarawan ng mga taong
pangtahanan at pampamayanan bumubuo ng sariling pamilya
(Psychomotor objective)
Educational Objectives Learning Outcomes
3. Pagganyak sa mga mag-aaral 3.1. Nakasusulat ng tula, awit o
upang maipamalas ang malalim maikling kuwento tungkol sa
na pagpapahalaga sa kapaligiran kahalagahan ng kapaligiran
(Affective objective) 3.2. Nakagagawa ng "video
presentation" tungkol sa wastong
pag-aalaga ng kapaligiran
References:

• Elcomblus (n.d.). The Shift Of Educational Focus From Content To Learning Outcomes. Retrieve
from https://www.elcomblus.com/the-shift-of-educational-focus-from-content-to-learning-outcomes
/
• Navarro, R., Santos R., & Corpuz, B. (2019). Assessment in Learning 1 Fourth Edition. Lorimar
Publishing

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