COMPONENTS OF

COMPUTER
 Hardware
COMPONENTS
OF
Software
COMPUTER
Peopleware
 A. HARDWARE
• It is the
physical
Input Process
component
that makes up
the computer Storage Output
system.
 Input
• Input is all information put into a computer.
Input can be supplied from a variety of
sources:
– A person
– A storage device on computer
– Another computer
– A peripheral device
– Another piece of equipment, such as a musical
instrument or thermometer
 Input Devices
• Primary input device:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Joystick
– Scanner
– Cameras
 Process
• Process is the data which is manipulated.
Examples :
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit (CU)
 Storage
• Storage is the data which is written into some
storage devices and saved for later processing.
Examples:
- Hard disk
- Flash drive
- Memory cards/sticks
- Compact Disc (CD)
- Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
 Output
• Output it is the result of processed data or
displays information.
Examples:
- Monitor
- Speaker
- Printer
- Headphone
 B. SOFTWARE
• These are the
computer System
programs/
applications
runs in the
computer. Application
 PC Software Characteristics
• User-friendly
• Easy
• Intuitive
• Minimum training and documentation
needed to use
• Sold in stores, catalogs, or
downloadable from the WWW
• Purchased from software publishers
• Must be installed
– Standard or custom installation
– The setup process copies some of all of
the software to the hard disk
– May require the CD-ROM to be in the drive
to run
 System Software
• Systems software: coordinates the
activities and functions of hardware and
programs

• This program directs the computer how

to operate its hardware resources.
 Types of systems software

Operating Utility
System (OS) Programs
 Operating System

OS is a set of programs that controls the

computer hardware and acts as an
interface with application programs.

Examples: Windows, MacOS, DOS, UNIX,

Linux
 Utility Programs

• Help to perform maintenance or correct

problems with a computer system
• Common types of utility programs:
– Hardware utilities
– Virus-detection and recovery utilities
– File-compression utilities
– Spam and pop-up blocker utilities
• Network and Internet utilities
• Server and mainframe utilities
• Other utilities
– Manages and protects corporate documents
– Helps people with visual disabilities use the
Internet
– Monitors employees
– Searches for files and documents
 Application Software
• Application software is a set of one or more
programs designed to carry out operations for
a specific application.
 Word Processing
• Uses
– Memos
– Reports
– Correspondence
– Minutes of meetings
– Anything to be typed
• Functions
– Create
– Edit
– Format
– Store
– Print text and graphics
 Desktop Publishing

• Uses
– Newsletters
– Reports
– Brochures
• Functions
– Handles high-level publishing needs
 Electronic Spreadsheets

• Uses
– Comparing mortgage interest rates
– Preparing budgets
– Tracking weight loss
• Functions
– Manipulates numbers in rows and columns
– Recalculates the results when a number is
changed
– What if?
Electronic Spreadsheets
 Database Management

• Uses
– Keep track of a large number of related facts
– Query the data for specific information
– Retrieve information in a variety of ways
• Functions
– Store data
– Update data
– Manipulate data
– Retrieve data
– Print data in many forms
– Report on data in a variety of ways
 Graphics
• Uses
– Maps
– Graphs
– Charts
• Helps to
– Compare data
– Spot trends
– Make decisions
• Visual information is more compelling
 Presentation Graphics

• Uses
– Sales tool
– Demonstrate a product
– Show cost/benefit projections on charts
– Present audio/video testimonials from satisfied
customers
• May contain
– Text
– Graphics
– Audio
– Video
 Computer Art
• Use software to
– Produce art
– Express ideas
• Graphic artist
– Artistic ability
– Computer skills
– Produces computer art
 Communications

• Communicate from home with computer

at office
• Access data stored in another computer
in another location
• Stock exchange updates
• Weather information
 Communications

• Provides method for

communicating
between computers
• Most likely way to
connect is via the
Internet
• Use a browser to
access the Internet
 Office Suites
• Group of basic software applications designed to
work together
• Data is portable between basic applications of
the suite
• Various applications in the suite have the same
“look and feel”
• Cost of suite is less than purchasing individual
applications
Application Software Ethics

What is legal?
 Software Piracy
• Making illegal copies of copyrighted software
• Why the fuss?
– Very easy to duplicate software vs. a text book
– Software company may lose hundreds of dollars
per pirated copy
• Prosecution
– Yes: Small-medium sized business who purchase
a few copies and distribute to many users
– No: Individual users who probably would not have
purchased software on their own anyway
 Counterfeiting

• Software is copied onto CD-ROMS / DVD-

ROMS
• Package duplicates the original
• Sold in flea markets or small stores
• Cheaper price
• Occurs more overseas
 Copying Software

• Legitimate reasons
– Backup copy
– Copy to hard disk
• Illegitimate reasons
– Obtain software without paying for it
 Acquiring Software
• Freeware
– Free to all
– Copyrighted
– Distributed in machine-readable format
• Shareware
– Freely distributed for a trial period
– Pay a nominal fee to register with the author
 Acquiring Software
• Public-domain software
– Un-copyrighted
– May be used or altered without restriction
– Generally developed under government
grants
• Open-source
– Free to all
– Source code is distributed
– May be used or altered
– Popular under the LINUX OS
 Acquiring Software

• Commercial software
– Used most often
– Copyrighted
– Generally costly
– May not be copied without permission of
the manufacturer
 C. PEOPLEWARE
• They are the
mainly System
Operation
Developmen
responsible for t
Personnel

the development
and use of the Users Clientele

system.
 System Development

• People who design and produce the computer

system.
• Examples:
- System Analyst
- Computer Programmer
- I.T personnel
- Web developers
- Computer Engineer
- Computer Technicians
 Operation Personnel

• People who run the computer and related

equipment.

Examples:
- Data-entry personnel
- Data control personnel
• Users are the individuals who
directly use the computer.

• Clientele are the people who receive

the benefits of the system.