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PH Calculation

This document discusses the calculation of pH for various solutions including monoprotic acids and bases, polyprotic acids and bases, buffers, and salt solutions. It provides the general equations used to calculate pH and examples for both strong and weak acids and bases. The key factors considered include the acid/base equilibrium constants (Ka/Kb), initial concentrations, and mass and charge balance equations.

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Jimm julia
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

PH Calculation

This document discusses the calculation of pH for various solutions including monoprotic acids and bases, polyprotic acids and bases, buffers, and salt solutions. It provides the general equations used to calculate pH and examples for both strong and weak acids and bases. The key factors considered include the acid/base equilibrium constants (Ka/Kb), initial concentrations, and mass and charge balance equations.

Uploaded by

Jimm julia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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pH CALCULATION

pH of an acid or base


Monoprotic acid
Strong acid Medium acid Weak acid
Polyprotic acid

Monoprotic base
Strong base Medium base Weak base
Polyprotic base

pH of Salt (aq)


pH of Buffer (aq)
pH of monoprotic acid
For a monoprotic acid, HA, with initial concentration, C HA:

 +
HA 
 H + A-

 +


H2O H + OH-

General equation of [H+] is a combination of:


[ H  ][ A ]
k HA 
 Equilibrium constant of acid: [ HA] (a)

 Mass conservation: [HA] + [A -] = CHA


(b)

 Charge neutralization: [H +] = [OH-] + [A-]


(c)
pH of monoprotic acid
strong acid

•  








pH of monoprotic acid
medium acid

HA 


 H+ + A-

[HA] + [A-] = CHA


[H+] = [A-]
 
[ H ][ A ]
k HA 
[ HA]
=> [H+]2 + kHA [H+]–kHACHA = 0

Example: pH of 10-2 M HIO3(aq) (pKa = 0.9)


pH of monoprotic acid
weak acid


HA 
 H+ + A-

[HA] ~ CHA
[H+] = [A-]
[ H  ][ A ]
k HA 
[ HA]

=> pH= ½ pkHA – ½ lg CHA

Example: pH of 10-2 M CH3COOH(aq) (pKa = 3.39)


pH of polyprotic acid/mixture of monoprotic acids

A. Polyprotic acid or Mixture of monoprotic acid


[k1>>k2 (~104)]


H 2A 
 H+ + HA-
HA- 


 H+ + A2-
HA1 


 H+ + A 1-
HA2 


 H+ + A 2-
=> pH of monoprotic acid (k1)
Example: calculate pH of 10-2 M H2CO3(aq) knowing pKa1
= 6.35, pKa2= 10.32
pH of polyprotic acid/mixture of monoprotic acids

B. Polyprotic acid or Mixture of monoprotic acid


[k1 ~k2]

n
[ H ]   k HAi .C HAi
 2

i 1

Example: acid m-phthalic, 10-2 M C6H4(COOH)2(aq)


(pKa1 = 3.70, pKa2 = 4.60) (pH = 2.87)
pH of monoprotic base
strong base

•  








pH of monoprotic base
medium base

B + H2O 


 BH+ + OH-
CB CB CB

[B] + [BH+] = CB
[BH+] = [OH-]
[ BH  ][OH  ]
kB 
[ B]

=> [OH-]2 + kB[OH-] – kBCB = 0


pH of monoprotic base
weak base

B + H2O 


 BH+ + OH-
CB CB CB

[B] ~ CB
[BH+] = [OH-]
[ BH  ][OH  ]
kB 
[ B]

=>pH= 14 – ½ pkB + ½ lg CB

Example: pH of 10-2 M NH4OH(aq) (pkB = 4.76)


pH of polyprotic base/mixture of monoprotic bases

A. Polyprotic base or Mixture of monoprotic base


[k1>>k2 (~104)] => pH of monoprotic base (k1)
CO32- + H2O 


 HCO3- + OH-
HCO3- + H2O 


 H2CO3 + OH-
Example: calculate pH of 10-2 M Na2CO3(aq) knowing pKa1 =
6.35, pKa2= 10.32 (11.13)
B. Polyprotic acid or Mixture of monoprotic acid
n
[k1 ~k2)]
[OH  ]2   k Bi .C Bi
i 1
Buffers - Keeping the pH Constant
(or Nearly So)

Buffer solution
a solution that resists change in pH when a small
amount of an acid or base is added or when the
solution is diluted.
a mixture of a weak acid and its salt [acidic buffer]
or a weak base and its salt [basic buffer]
or
 CA CB
[ H ]  k HA pH  pk HA  lg
CB CA
(Henderson–Hasselbalch equation)
buffering capacity of the solution
pH of salt solution
 Salt from strong acid and strong base (NaCl)
 pH = 7 (25oC)
 Salt from strong acid and weak base
 weak acid
if [H+] << CHA
pH = ½ pkHA - ½ lgCsalt
 Salt from weak acid and strong base
 weak base
if [OH-] << CA-
pH = 14 - ½ pkA- + ½ lgCsalt
= 7 + ½ pkHA + ½ lgCsalt

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