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PLC - Control

This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs implement logic control functions through programming and are commonly used for automation in industries. The document covers what PLCs are, how they differ from computers, common applications like gate control and conveyor systems, their input/output components, programming methods using ladder logic diagrams or statement lists, and how the program relates to handling inputs and outputs.

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Erick Wangila Wanyonyi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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121 views28 pages

PLC - Control

This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses that PLCs implement logic control functions through programming and are commonly used for automation in industries. The document covers what PLCs are, how they differ from computers, common applications like gate control and conveyor systems, their input/output components, programming methods using ladder logic diagrams or statement lists, and how the program relates to handling inputs and outputs.

Uploaded by

Erick Wangila Wanyonyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

PLC: Programmable Logical Controller

CONTENTS
1. What is PLC
2. Electrical Ladder Logic Diagrams
3. Software Ladder Logic Diagrams
4. PLC Implementation
5. An example

lecture note 9 PLC 1


1. PLC - Introduction

What does PLC stand for?


PLC - programmable logic controller

PLC implements logic control functions by means
of a program

lecture note 9 PLC 2


1. PLC - Introduction
Features

lecture note 9 PLC 3


1. PLC - Introduction
Features

lecture note 9 PLC 4


1. PLC - Introduction
An application example 1: Gate Control


PLC can sense a vehicle at the entrance or exit, and
open and close the gate automatically

The current vehicle count is easily determined by
programming a simple counter
lecture note 9 PLC 5
1. PLC - Introduction
An application example 2: Conveyor System


PLC can be used to start/stop latching logic for motor
control

Counters can be used for monitoring product amounts

lecture note 9 PLC 6


1. PLC - Introduction
Comparing traditional and programmable control systems - 1

lecture note 9 PLC 7


1. PLC - Introduction
Comparing traditional and programmable control ystems - 2


In traditional control, the switches S1, S2 and S3 must close for
K1 to be turned on - the wiring makes the rule

In PLC systems, the program is written to perform the logic “when
S1 is closed AND S2 is closed AND S3 is closed, THEN turn on
K1” - the program makes the rule

It is much simpler to change program then wiring!

lecture note 9 PLC 8


1. PLC - Introduction

How does a PLC differ from a computer?


A computer is optimized for calculation and display tasks

A computer is programmed by specialists

A PLC is designed for (logic) control and regulation tasks
 A PLC is programmed by non-specialists
 A PLC is well adapted to industrial environment

lecture note 9 PLC 9


1. PLC - Introduction

Why are PLCs so common?


They are cost-effective
 They are flexible, reliable and compact

They have significant advantages over traditional
control systems based on relay or pneumatics

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1. PLC - Introduction

Where are PLCs used?


In every industry where automation is involved,
from individual machines to whole processes

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1. PLC - Introduction

What tasks do PLCs perform?


The logic control tasks such as interlocking,
sequencing, timing and counting (previously
undertaken with relays or pneumatics)
 In addition, PLCs can perform a variety of
calculation, communication and monitoring tasks

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1. PLC - Introduction

Outputs & Power Supply


Communication
Ports (RS-485)

Inputs
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1. PLC - Introduction
Structure of a PLC

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1. PLC - Introduction
The PLC processor

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Input/Output Devices

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Input Devices


Push buttons

Switches (limit switches, level switches, etc.)

Sensors

...

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1. PLC - Introduction

PLC Output Devices


Relay contacts
 Solenoid valves

Signal devices (such as lamps, alarms, etc.)
 Motors

...

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1. PLC - Introduction
Programming terminal

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1. PLC - Introduction

 Programming is done through programming


terminal
 Programming terminal translates engineering
language (logic control) to machine language
(binary code)

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1. PLC - Introduction

Programming through standard computer


 Most PLC manufacturers offer software packages
that allow a standard computer to be used as a
programming terminal

lecture note 9 PLC 21


1. PLC - Introduction

Programming through standard computer

lecture note 9 PLC 22


1. PLC - Introduction

Relating the program to inputs and outputs


 The CPU reads the data from the inputs

The program in the CPU uses the inputs to
evaluate the control logic. As the program runs,
the CPU updates the data
 The CPU writes the data to the output

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1. PLC - Introduction
Relating the program to inputs and outputs

lecture note 9 PLC 24


1. PLC - Introduction

Data Flow in the PLC

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1. PLC - Introduction
 One of the advantages of PLC is that it can be programmed by
non-specialists

Program can be written either in the form of a

statement list: a set of mnemonic instructions representing a


function of the CPU
or a
ladder diagram: a graphical language resembling the
electrical relay diagrams

lecture note 9 PLC 26


1. PLC - Introduction
statement list

lecture note 9 PLC 27


1. PLC - Introduction
Ladder diagram

lecture note 9 PLC 28

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