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    Sensory Receptors

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    Khateeja Tul Kubra
    Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli and function as transducers. They are classified as exteroceptors, which respond to stimuli outside the body like touch and chemicals, and interoceptors, which respond to stimuli inside the body like visceral organs and proprioception. Sensory receptors have properties like specificity of response, sensory adaptation, response to increasing stimulus strength described by Weber-Fechner law, sensory transduction of different energies into nerve impulses, receptor potentials, and the law of projection where sensations are perceived at the location of receptors.

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    Sensory Receptors

    Uploaded by

    Khateeja Tul Kubra
    28 views24 pages
    Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli and function as transducers. They are classified as exteroceptors, which respond to stimuli outside the body like touch and chemicals, and interoceptors, which respond to stimuli inside the body like visceral organs and proprioception. Sensory receptors have properties like specificity of response, sensory adaptation, response to increasing stimulus strength described by Weber-Fechner law, sensory transduction of different energies into nerve impulses, receptor potentials, and the law of projection where sensations are perceived at the location of receptors.

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    Sensory receptors

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    Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli and function as transducers. They are classified as exteroceptors, which respond to stimuli outside the body like touch and chemicals, and interoceptors, which respond to stimuli inside the body like visceral organs and proprioception. Sensory receptors have properties like specificity of response, sensory adaptation, response to increasing stimulus strength described by Weber-Fechner law, sensory transduction of different energies into nerve impulses, receptor potentials, and the law of projection where sensations are perceived at the location of receptors.

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    28 views24 pages

    Sensory Receptors

    Uploaded by

    Khateeja Tul Kubra
    Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli and function as transducers. They are classified as exteroceptors, which respond to stimuli outside the body like touch and chemicals, and interoceptors, which respond to stimuli inside the body like visceral organs and proprioception. Sensory receptors have properties like specificity of response, sensory adaptation, response to increasing stimulus strength described by Weber-Fechner law, sensory transduction of different energies into nerve impulses, receptor potentials, and the law of projection where sensations are perceived at the location of receptors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24

    SENSORY RECEPTORS

    KHATEEJA TUL KUBRA


    1st year BPT
    Ccop Mysore
    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    • Define receptors.

    • Classification of sensory receptors.

    • Properties of sensory receptors.


    INTRODUCTION
    Sensory receptors: are specialized epidermal cells that
    respond to environmental stimuli.
    • It consists of structural & support cells that produce the
    outward form of the receptor, and the internal neural
    dendrites that respond to specific stimuli.
    • They function like a transducer.
    CLASSIFICATION OF
    RECEPTORS
    They are generally classified into 2 types:
    1. Exteroceptors.

    2. Interoceptors.
    EXTEROCEPTORS
    1. Cutaneous receptors:
    • Situated in the skin

    • Also known as mechanoreceptors


    because of their response to mechanical
    stimuli such as touch, pressure & pain.
    CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS
    2. Chemoreceptors: give response to chemical stimuli.

    3. Telereceptors: give response to stimuli arising away from


    the body. Eg: vision, hearing
    INTEROCEPTORS
    1. Visceroceptors : situated in the viscera.
    2. Proprioceptors: detect & give response to movement &
    change in position of different parts of the body. Also known
    as kinesthetic receptors.
    PROPERTIES OF RECEPTORS
    1. Specificity of response: Muller’s law

    When a receptor is stimulated electrically or mechanically, it gives to


    its own specific sensation. Each type of sensation depends not on any
    special character of the different nerves but on the part of the brain in
    which their fibres terminate.
    Example: Auditory receptor- hearing
    Olfactory Receptors- smell
    Tactile Receptors- touch
    2. Sensory adaptation (desensitisation):
    When a receptor is continuously stimulated with the
    same strength of stimulus, after some time the
    receptor stops sending impulse through the afferent nerve.
    Depending on this property, receptors are of 2 types:
    1. Phasic receptors: Adapt rapidly (touch & pressure)
    2. Tonic receptors: Adapt slowly (pain & temperature)
    3. Response to increase in strength of stimulus: WEBER-
    FECHNER LAW
    . When a receptor is stimulated, if the response
    given by the receptor is to be doubled, the strength of
    stimulus must be increased 100 times. This phenomenon is
    called WEBER-FECHNER law.
    • This law states that the magnitude of intesity of response is
    directly proportional to the log of the intensity of stimulus.
    R= k log S
    4. Sensory Transduction:
    It refers to Synaptic events in a receptor by which the
    energy (stimulus) in the environment is converted into electrical
    impulses (action potential) in nerve fibre.
    • It varies depending upon the type of receptor.

    For example- The chemoreceptor converts chemical energy


    into action potential in the sensory nerve fibre.
    Touch receptor converts mechanical energy into action potential
    in the sensory nerve fibre.
    5. Receptor potential:
    Also known as generator potential, a type of graded
    potential, is the transmembrane potential difference
    produced by activation of a sensory receptor.
    • It is short lived & hence, it is called transient receptor
    potential.
    • It is similar to EPSP in synapse, endplate potential in
    neuromuscular junction & electronic potential in the nerve
    fibre.
    • Properties of receptor potential:

    It has 2 important properties:


    1. It is non- propagated (confined within the receptor itself)

    2. It doesn’t obey all-or-none law.

    • Significance:

    When receptor potential is sufficiently strong , it causes


    development of action potential in the sensory nerve.
    • The intensity of the receptor potential determines the frequency
    of action potentials traveling to the nervous system.
    MECHANISM OF DEVELOPMENT OF RECEPTOR POTENTIAL
    • By compression of the corpuscle, ion channels opened in the
    membrane, allow positively charged sodium ions to diffuse to
    the interior of the fiber.
    • This creates increased positivity inside the fiber – Receptor
    potential.
    • Receptor potential in turn induces a local circuit of current flow,
    that spreads along the nerve fibre.
    • At the first node of Ranvier, the local current flow depolarizes
    the fiber membrane at this node, which then sets off typical
    action potentials that are transmitted along the nerve fibres
    towards the CNS.
    4. Law of projection: If we stimulate sensory
    pathway along its course to the sensory cortex,
    the conscious sensation produced is perceived
    to be from the location of receptors,
    irrespective of the site stimulated.
    Example:
    Phantom limb: Patient with an amputed limb
    may complain of pain or other sensation in the
    limb which is absent, due to law of projection.
    Conclusion
    • Define sensory receptors.

    • Classify sensory receptors.

    • Briefly explain the properties of sensory receptors


    THANK YOU✌🏻😊

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