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EV Power Point

Electric vehicles have existed for over 100 years, developing alongside gasoline vehicles in the late 1800s and early 1900s. While early electric vehicles were popular for their ease of use, gasoline vehicles rose to dominance in the 1920s due to better roads enabling longer ranges, lower gasoline prices, and mass production making them more affordable. Interest in electric vehicles revived from the 1960s onward to address emissions and energy security concerns. Today's electric vehicles include hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery electrics, and extended range electrics, fueled by both electricity and gasoline depending on the model. They were created to help the environment, increase energy independence, improve efficiency, and reduce noise.

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Devon perera
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55 views11 pages

EV Power Point

Electric vehicles have existed for over 100 years, developing alongside gasoline vehicles in the late 1800s and early 1900s. While early electric vehicles were popular for their ease of use, gasoline vehicles rose to dominance in the 1920s due to better roads enabling longer ranges, lower gasoline prices, and mass production making them more affordable. Interest in electric vehicles revived from the 1960s onward to address emissions and energy security concerns. Today's electric vehicles include hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery electrics, and extended range electrics, fueled by both electricity and gasoline depending on the model. They were created to help the environment, increase energy independence, improve efficiency, and reduce noise.

Uploaded by

Devon perera
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY OF ELECTRIC CARS

THE EARLY YEARS (1890 TO 1930)


• THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE IS NOT A RECENT DEVELOPMENT. IN FACT, THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE HAS BEEN
AROUND FOR OVER 100 YEARS AND HAS AN INTERESTING HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT THAT
CONTINUES TO THE PRESENT.

• FRANCE AND ENGLAND WERE THE FIRST NATIONS TO DEVELOP THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE IN THE LATE
1800S. IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1895 THAT AMERICANS BEGAN TO DEVOTE ATTENTION TO ELECTRIC
VEHICLES. MANY INNOVATIONS FOLLOWED AND INTEREST IN MOTOR VEHICLES INCREASED GREATLY
IN THE LATE 1890S AND EARLY 1900S. IN 1897, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL APPLICATION WAS ESTABLISHED
WITH A FLEET OF NEW YORK CITY TAXIS.

• EARLY ELECTRIC VEHICLES, SUCH AS THE 1902 WOOD’S PHAETON, WERE LITTLE MORE THAN
ELECTRIFIED HORSELESS CARRIAGES AND SURREYS. THE PHAETON HAD A RANGE OF 18 MILES, A TOP
SPEED OF 14 MPH, AND COST $2,000.
• DIFFICULT PART OF DRIVING; IN CONTRAST, ELECTRIC
VEHICLES DID NOT REQUIRE GEAR CHANGES. STEAM-
POWERED CARS ALSO HAD NO GEAR SHIFTING, BUT THEY
SUFFERED FROM LONG START-UP TIMES OF UP TO 45 MINUTES
ON COLD MORNINGS. STEAM CARS HAD LESS RANGE BEFORE
NEEDING WATER THAN AN ELECTRIC CAR’S RANGE ON A
SINGLE CHARGE. THE ONLY GOOD ROADS OF THE TIME PERIOD
WERE IN TOWNS, WHICH CAUSED MOST TRAVEL TO BE LOCAL,
A PERFECT SITUATION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BECAUSE
THEIR RANGE WAS LIMITED. THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE WAS THE
PREFERRED CHOICE OF MANY BECAUSE IT DID NOT REQUIRE A
MANUAL EFFORT TO START, AS WITH THE HAND CRANK ON
GASOLINE VEHICLES, AND THERE WAS NO WRESTLING WITH A
GEAR SHIFTER.

• WHILE BASIC ELECTRIC CARS COST UNDER $1,000, MOST


EARLY ELECTRIC VEHICLES WERE ORNATE, MASSIVE
CARRIAGES DESIGNED FOR THE UPPER CLASS. THEY HAD
FANCY INTERIORS, WITH EXPENSIVE MATERIALS, AND
AVERAGED $3,000 BY 1910. ELECTRIC VEHICLES ENJOYED
SUCCESS INTO THE 1920S WITH PRODUCTION PEAKING IN 1912.
DECLINE OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE WAS BROUGHT ABOUT BY SEVERAL MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS
AS FOLLOWS;

• BY THE 1920S, AMERICA HAD A BETTER SYSTEM OF ROADS CONNECTING CITIES, AND BRINGING WITH IT THE
NEED FOR LONGER-RANGE VEHICLES.

• THE DISCOVERY OF TEXAS CRUDE OIL REDUCED THE PRICE OF GASOLINE, MAKING IT AFFORDABLE TO THE
AVERAGE CONSUMER.

• THE INVENTION OF THE ELECTRIC STARTER BY CHARLES KETTERING IN 1912 ELIMINATED THE NEED FOR THE
HAND CRANK TO START INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

• INITIATION OF MASS PRODUCTION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLES BY HENRY FORD MADE THESE
VEHICLES WIDELY AVAILABLE AND AFFORDABLE IN THE $500 TO $1,000 PRICE RANGE. BY CONTRAST, THE PRICE
OF THE LESS EFFICIENTLY PRODUCED ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONTINUED TO RISE. IN 1912, AN ELECTRIC ROADSTER
SOLD FOR $1,750, WHILE A GASOLINE CAR SOLD FOR $650
THE MIDDLE YEARS (1930 TO 1990)

• ELECTRIC VEHICLES HAD ALL BUT DISAPPEARED BY 1935. THE YEARS FOLLOWING 1935 UNTIL THE 1960S WERE DEAD YEARS FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT AND FOR PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION USE.

• THE 1960S AND 1970S SAW A NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE-FUELED VEHICLES TO REDUCE THE PROBLEMS OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND TO REDUCE DEPENDENCY ON IMPORTED FOREIGN CRUDE OIL. MANY ATTEMPTS TO PRODUCE
PRACTICAL ELECTRIC VEHICLES OCCURRED DURING THE YEARS FROM 1960 TO THE PRESENT

• DURING THE EARLY 1960S, THE BOYERTOWN AUTO BODY WORKS JOINTLY FORMED THE BATTRONIC TRUCK COMPANY WITH SMITH
DELIVERY VEHICLES, LTD., OF ENGLAND, AND THE EXIDE DIVISION OF THE ELECTRIC BATTERY COMPANY. THE FIRST BATTRONIC
ELECTRIC TRUCK WAS DELIVERED TO THE POTOMAC EDISON COMPANY IN 1964. THIS TRUCK WAS CAPABLE OF SPEEDS OF 25 MPH, A
RANGE OF 62 MILES AND A PAYLOAD OF 2,500 POUNDS. BATTRONIC WORKED WITH GENERAL ELECTRIC FROM 1973 TO 1983 TO
PRODUCE 175 UTILITY VANS FOR USE IN THE UTILITY INDUSTRY AND TO DEMONSTRATE THE CAPABILITIES OF BATTERY-POWERED
VEHICLES. BATTRONIC ALSO DEVELOPED AND PRODUCED ABOUT 20 PASSENGER BUSES IN THE MID-1970S.
• JET INDUSTRIES OF AUSTIN, TEXAS WAS
ACTIVE IN CONVERTING VEHICLES TO
ELECTRIC PROPULSION. JET INDUSTRIES
PRODUCED A NUMBER OF VEHICLES,
INCLUDING THE ELECTRICA. MOST JET
ELECTRICAS WERE BASED ON A FORD
ESCORT AND MERCURY LYNX CHASSIS
PURCHASED NEW FROM FORD AS
“GLIDERS” (BODY AND CHASSIS WITHOUT
ENGINES). TO CONVERT THE ESCORT TO
ELECTRIC, JET MATED A PRESTOLITE 96
VOLT TRACTION MOTOR TO THE ORIGINAL
FORD TRANSAXLE, FABRICATED BATTERY
BOXES FRONT AND REAR, FILLED THEM
WITH 6-VOLT FLOODED LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES, AND ADDED A MOTOR
CONTROLLER AND AN ON-BOARD
BATTERY CHARGER USING 120-VOLT
ALTERNATING CURRENT POWER.
TODAY’S GENERATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (2011
TO PRESENT)

TODAY’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY CAN REALLY BE BROKEN DOWN INTO FOUR TECHNOLOGIES:

• HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE


• BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV)
• PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV)
• EXTENDED-RANGE ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EREV)

TAKEN TOGETHER, BEVS, PHEVS AND EREVS ARE ALL CONSIDERED PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES (PEVS) BECAUSE THEY ALL
MUST BE PLUGGED INTO THE ELECTRIC GRID IN ORDER TO FULLY RECHARGE THEIR TRACTION BATTERY PACKS. HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLES S ARE NOT CONSIDERED A PEV BECAUSE THEY CANNOT BE PLUGGED INTO THE ELECTRIC GRID TO
RECHARGE THE TRACTION BATTERY PACK.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE FEATURES

• GASOLINE FUELED ONLY


• ONBOARD TRACTION ENERGY STORAGE IN THE
FORM OF GASOLINE AND ELECTRICITY
• ALL ENERGY ORIGINATES FROM GASOLINE
• BATTERY RECOVERS BRAKING ENERGY AND IT IS
CHARGED BY THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
POWERED BY THE ONBOARD GENERATOR
• ELECTRIC MOTOR NORMALLY PROVIDES
PROPULSION ASSISTANCE AND SOMETIMES ALL-
ELECTRIC PROPULSION AT LOW SPEEDS
• ALSO INCLUDES START-STOP HYBRIDS, ALSO CALLED
“MILD” HYBRIDS WITH NO ELECTRIC PROPULSION.
BEV FEATURES

• SOMETIMES ALSO REFERRED TO AS AN ALL-ELECTRIC VEHICLE


• ONLY ELECTRICITY FUELED
• ELECTRICITY IS THE ONLY ONBOARD ENERGY SOURCE
• MUST BE PLUGGED INTO THE ELECTRIC GRID TO RECHARGE
PHEV FEATURES
• GASOLINE AND ELECTRICITY FUELED
• GASOLINE ENGINE MAY NOT BE USED WHEN THE BATTERY IS ABOVE A CERTAIN STATE-OF-CHARGE, OR IS USED
IN A BLENDED MODE WHEN BOTH THE ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
PROVIDE PROPULSION POWER AT THE SAME TIME
• WHEN THE BATTERY IS NEARLY EMPTY, A PHEV OPERATES LIKE A TYPICAL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE.

EREV FEATURES
• IS FUELED SIMILAR TO A PHEV IN THAT IT IS FUELED WITH BOTH GASOLINE AND ELECTRICITY FROM THE GRID
• THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN EREV AND A PHEV IS THAT THE EREV CONTROL SYSTEM KEEPS THE CAR
OPERATING ONLY ON ELECTRIC PROPULSION UNTIL THE TRACTION BATTERY IS DISCHARGED TO A CERTAIN
LEVEL
• AFTER THE BATTERY IS DISCHARGED TO A CERTAIN LEVEL, THE GASOLINE ENGINE TURNS ON AND THE
VEHICLE OPERATES SIMILAR TO A HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
• EREVS ARE SOMETIMES CONSIDERED A PHEV AND NOT A SEPARATE TECHNOLOGY
WHY WERE EVS CREATED?

• ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
• ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• NOISE AND VIBRATION REDUCTION
• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
• GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES AND REGULATIONS

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