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R Programming - Introduction

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics, and statistical computing. It allows users to manipulate and store data, perform both simple and complex calculations, and produce graphical displays. Key benefits of R include being open source, having a large user community contributing packages, and supporting various platforms. The document provides instructions on installing R Studio as an integrated development environment for R, setting the working directory, creating and saving R script files, executing code in scripts or the console, adding comments, clearing the environment and workspace, and saving workspace data.

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Azuyi Xr
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33 views

R Programming - Introduction

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics, and statistical computing. It allows users to manipulate and store data, perform both simple and complex calculations, and produce graphical displays. Key benefits of R include being open source, having a large user community contributing packages, and supporting various platforms. The document provides instructions on installing R Studio as an integrated development environment for R, setting the working directory, creating and saving R script files, executing code in scripts or the console, adding comments, clearing the environment and workspace, and saving workspace data.

Uploaded by

Azuyi Xr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Why R and Installation Procedure


What is
R?
• R is an environment for data manipulation, statistical
computing, graphics display and data analysis
• One can effectively handle the data and storage of outputs
• Simple as well as complicated calculations could be done
• Graphical display on screen and hard copy could be done
• Programming language is effective which includes all possibilities
just like any other good programming language
• The R language is very similar in appearance to “S” Language
based
on a software s-plus
Switching to
•R?
Initially R was developed by statistician for statistician and today
diverse communities are using for different purposes
• The R language is widely used for research & development, analytics,
etc
• The R language is open source and free and many statistical packages
are freely available
• R has statistical computing environment and great support of
communities
• It has a computer language which is convenient to use for statistical
and graphical applications
• The commands can be saved, run and stored in script files
Switching to
R?
• R is available for Windows, Unix, Linux, and Macintosh platforms
• Initially R was developed to compete with S-Plus
• Built in and contributed packages are available, and users are
provided tools to make packages. It is possible to contribute your
own packages.
• This language provides the logical control of branching and
looping, and modular programming using functions
• Error messages are provided while executing a programme or
a function which are helpful in finding the errors
Switching to
R?
• R is interpreted computer language [Not compiler]
• When we use command line interface, each command or
expression to be evaluated is typed at the command prompt, and
immediately evaluated when the enter key is pressed at the end
of a syntactically complete statement
• Tip
• Press the up-arrow key to recall commands and edit them
• Use the Esc [Escape] key to cancel a command
• Graphics can be directly saved in a postscript or pdf format
Installing
R
• You may install R by downloading it from https://www.r-project.org
• Else download it from the Comprehensive R Archive Network
[CRAN] website: http://cran.r-project.org/
• Installing R Studio
• R Studio is a software which helps in running the R Software
• Several such editors are available, e.g. Tinn
R [https://sourceforge.net/projects/tinn-r]
• R Studio written in C++ programming
language
• R Studio is a free and open source integrated development environment
[IDE] for R
• Download R Studio software from website https://www.rstudio.com
How
to
• Set the working directory
• Create an R file and save it
• Execute an R file
• Execute pieces of code
A first look of R
Studio
Environment/History

R Script

Console Files/Plots/Viewer/Packages/Help
Set the working
directory
Enter in console:
setwd(“directorypath”)
getwd() #to getaworking
Step 1: Choose suitabledirectory
location by clicking on the indicated buttondirector
To choose working

Or
Set the working
directory
Step 2: Once directory is chosen, select the more icon and choose
“set as working directory”

Ctrl + Shift + H  Set the working directory


Or Click on session tab  Set working directory  Choose directory
Self Study Explore all the tabs/buttons to be familiar with R
Studio IDE
Create an R
file
By Clicking the “+” Button (Below File
Tab)
Writing
Scripts
Saving R Script
File
Executing an R
File
Executing an R File:
Example

Resul
t
Execute pieces of code -
Run
Executing R Files –
Summary
• Run can be used to execute selected lines
• Source / Source with echo is for a whole file
• Advantages – Using Run:
• Troubleshooting /debugging
• Disadvantages – Using Run:
• For large section, console will be over populated and
messy
How
to
•Add Comments
• For single line comment, insert ‘#’ at the start of the line
• For multiple line comment, select multiple lines using cursor, then
press CTRL+Shift+C
• Or Select multiple lines using cursor, click on “Code” in menu and
select “Comment/Uncomment lines”
• Clear the environment
• To clear console, CTRL+L
• To clear environment, Single variable: Enter in console/R Script:
rm(variable)
• All variables: Enter in console/R Script: rm(list=ls())
How
to
•
Saving the workspace
• Workspace data: Workspace information is
temporary
• Workspace data is not retained after the session
• If you close the R-Session
• If you restart the computer

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