What is Data collection?

Data collection is nothing but the

collection of the required
‘information’ in figures for the
statistical analysis of a problem.
This provides a sound basis for
decision making and corrective
action.
PURPOSE OF DATA
COLLECTION
 QUALITY
CONTROL
DEPARTMENT

Quality Evaluation
Raw materials, semi finished products
and finished products
 Process Control
To assure that products turned out meet
specified requirements of
customer/design.
 GOOD DETERGENT GOOD DETERGENT
HIGH PRICE LOW PRICE

Improvement Trials - To improve product

quality, reduce costs and increase
productivity
 Problem Solving
For information through out the problem
solving process by Quality Circles
Total sales of VIJAY CHAIN OF SUPERMARKETS (in crores)

12

10

8
1991
1992
6
1993
4 1994
1995
2

0
TOTAL
SALES

Compare Performance
From time to time measure improvement in
production, profit, quality, competitiveness
etc.
TYPES OF DATA

Generally data are of two types:

a) Measurement data

b) Attribute data
 Measurement data
Diameter of a Steel Wire measured using a screwgauge

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Diameter
of the 0.156 0.152 0.153 0.156
steel wire
(in cm)

Weight, diameter, tensile strength, % carbon,

reaction time etc. Basic observation obtained
by using an instrument or measuring process.
 Measurement data
SOLDER BATH TEMPERATURE

TIME TEMPERATURE

0800 62 C
0900 61 C
1000 59 C
1100 58 C
1200 60 C
1300 64 C
1400 63 C

These data are continuous, they are also called

continuous variable. A variable is one which varies
i.e takes different values. Time, for instance is a
continuous variable.
 Attribute Data
SEPTA LIMITED

NUMBER OF TRUCK TYRES REJECTED AND PASSED BY THE QUALITY

CONTROL DEPARTMENT
DURING THE MONTH OF JANUARY 1996

TYRES REJECTED TYRES PASSED

JANUARY 1996 5000 22000

Data obtained by classification into

two or more categories.
 Attribute Data
SEPTA LIMITED

NUMBER OF TRUCK TYRES REJECTED AND PASSED BY THE QUALITY

CONTROL DEPARTMENT DURING JAN-JUN 1996

TYRES REJECTED TYRES PASSED

JAN 1996 5000 22000
FEB 1996 2000 25000
MAR 1996 7000 20000
APR 1996 1000 26000
MAY 1996 2000 25000
JUN 1996 8000 19000

These data are in whole numbers and are

called discontinuous or discrete variables.
Attribute Data

Collection of
information or
generation of
information as
Dr. Juran says
begins and ends
with questions.
 Attribute Data
WHY
WHEN
WHAT
WHO
WHERE
HOW

Skill in collection of information lies in asking

the right questions using the 5 - W’s & 1 - H.
 CHECK SHEET
An easy and effective way of
collecting data is by using
well designed formats. A
check sheet is a simple data
recording form specially
designed so that data can be
interpreted readily from the
sheet itself.
 SOLDER BATH TEMPERATURE
CHECKED BY : DATE:

TAKE READING OF TEMPERATURE NEAREST TO DEGREE.

TIME TEMP (deg. cel.) TIME TEMP (deg. cel.)

Items to be checked are pre-printed so

that recording becomes very easy.
Check sheets are of the following types:

a) Process control information checks

b) Product quality assurance checks
c) Defective item checks
d) Defect location checks
e) Defective cause checks
f) Process variation distribution
checks
g) Others
PROCESS CONTROL INFORMATION CHECK

This format
enables to
record process
control checks.
 PRODUCT QUALITY ASSURANCE CHECK
Actual Observation
No PARAMETER
Space 1 2 3 4 5

1. Axial clearance 0.1.0.45 6.3 0.18 0.22 0.17 0.21

2. Cleanliness of Crank S Clean OK OK Not OK OK OK
3. Surface finish 0.4 300 320 325 315 300
:
:
:
:
24. Paint Finish Glossy OK OK OK OK OK

An example of format used for checks on

diesel engine at final end is shown here.
 CHECK LIST TYPE CHECK SHEET
M/L No.: Shop manager :
Location: Supervisor:
Months
Component Check Points
J F M A M J J A S O N D

Drive Noise
Gear Box Vibration
Bearing Temperature
Transmitter Operation

ELECTRIC
Motor
Control Operation
Wiring Age
Instrumentation

In such cases, a check sheet helps to carryout work with

certainty; it will also reveal forgotten test items.
Example: Preventive maintenance of a plastic moulding
machine
 DEFECTIVE ITEMS CHECKS

SI No. DEFECT TALLY

1. BARE METAL //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// /// 58
2. OVERFLOW //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// // 47
3. DUST //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// ////
//// //// //// //// //// 80
4. LESS GLOSSY //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// 40
5. PAINT PEEL //// //// //// //// //// //// // 32
*
*
*
17. OTHERS //// 4

Let us look at the tally of inspection results on painted

refrigerator doors as they come out of the painting booth.
 DEFECTIVE CAUSE CHECK SHEET

50
... .
.
45

. . . ....

After
40
35
East
. .
. .
.. .... .
.
30
25

..
West
20 North
15
10
5
.
0

Before

Data may have to be later analysed by

stratification or scatter diagram to get
clues.
 DEFECTIVE CAUSE CHECK SHEET
M/C Operator Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM
oo x ox ooo oooo o oooo
x xx xxx xx ooo xx oo
1 . . .. ..
A ooo
x

2 oxx xx ooo
.
xx oo ..
1 x

B ooo ooo
2 x

o Surface scratch x Blow hole Poor finish . Distorted Others

By a mere glance, it will be possible to identify which worker or which
machine and on which day there is more proneness to produce
defectives.
 DEFECTIVE CAUSE CHECK SHEET

This is a rough analysis for cause and

effect relationship.
 34 out of 45

Obviously, machine has been set nearer the

upper specification limit and hence a large
number that is 34 out of 45 are above USL.
POWER CONSUMPTION (kWh) OF REFRIGERATOR

1.97 2.49 2.29 2.24

2.42 2.16 2.89 1.75
2.24 2.07 2.20 2.52
2.32 2.10 1.98 1.96
2.16 1.94 2.13 2.43
2.45 1.76 1.91 2.06
2.04 2.52 2.02 1.95
2.31 2.16 2.00 1.96
2.00 2.29 2.33 2.08
2.23 2.05 1.92 2.25
2.36 1.87 1.95 1.92
2.14 2.08 2.17 2.13
2.08 1.92 2.04 2.00
2.08 1.86 2.34 2.05
2.04 2.16 1.74 1.96
1.83 1.95 2.17 2.02
USEFUL POINTS FOR
DATA COLLECTION
Useful points are as follows:

Be clear in mind
about objective
Prepare the question which will make it
clear and precise
Collect data relevant to that
 Reading in Machine A

1.97 2.49 2.29 2.24 2.42 2.16

2.89 1.75 2.24 2.07 2.20 2.52
2.32 2.10 1.98 1.96 2.16 1.94
2.13 2.43 2.45 1.76 1.91 2.06
2.04 2.52 2.02 1.95 2.31 2.16
2.00 1.96 2.00 2.29 2.33 2.08
2.23 2.05 1.92 2.25 2.36 1.87
1.95 1.92 2.14 2.08 2.17 2.13
2.08 1.92 2.04 2.00 2.08 1.86
2.34 2.05 2.04 2.16 1.74 1.96
1.83 1.95 2.17 2.02 2.23 2.07
2.08 2.64 2.17 2.02

Use data sheet, check sheet and/or

check list as per the requirement
Keep them simple
and easy and
reduce
opportunities for
error.
Capture data for analysis reference
and tractability
 FORM

Form should be self explanatory

 Analyse the collected data for its
credibility and relevance (for whom,
when or who collected the data are
important.)
Present data in a way that clearly
answers the question.
 SUMMARY
Most quality improvement tools depend
on reliable, accurate data. If such data
are not available, they must be collected.
The data-collection process must be
driven by the ‘information questions’ we
formulate based on our information
needs. In short, know what question you
are trying to answer before you collect
any data.
GOVINDARAJA

(B.Q.C) DATA COLLECTION

BQC
4000
3500
NO OF SPL

2908 2950 2802

3000 2549
2500
2000
1500
1000
DEC - 09 JAN - 10 FEB - 10 AVG
MONTH

1000 SPL

1 khjj;jpw;F ruhrhpahf Low

Eff ];gpd;by; - 2802 Nos ];gpd;by; 39#
GOVINDARAJA

(B.Q.C) DATA COLLECTION (M/C WISE)

fhyk; : DEC-09 Kjy; FEB - 10 tiu

AEF 75% LESS THAN SPL M.C WISE DATA

AVG
600
482 503
500 434
400
NOS

326
280
300
202 222
169 184
200

100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

M\C NO

40#
GOVINDARAJA

(B.Q.C) DATA COLLECTION (M/C WISE)

DEC - 2009
400 367 370
350 325
308
NOS
300
264 261
250 233
209 212
200

150
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

M\C NO

JAN - 2010 FEB - 2010

650 569 700
540 600 602
550 520 600
450 390 500
NOS

350 NOS 400 363

266 270 323
266 273
250 300
125 120 199 185
150 108 200 139
50 100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
M\C NO M\C NO

41#
GOVINDARAJA

(B.Q.C) DATA COLLECTION (FAULT WISE)

fhyk; : DEC - 09 Kjy; FEB - 10 tiu

AVG
700
577 546
600 507
500 414 408
NOS

400 350
300
200
100
Msl Fault b1 Fault Mup Pc Fault Ustre Msm &
Fault Fault T.B
MONTH

42#
GOVINDARAJA

(B.Q.C) DATA COLLECTION

BQC
4000
3500
NO OF SPL

2908 2950 2802

3000 2549
2500
2000
1500
1000
DEC - 09 JAN - 10 FEB - 10 AVG
MONTH

1000 SPL

1 khjj;jpw;F ruhrhpahf Low

Eff ];gpd;by; - 2802 Nos ];gpd;by; 43#