In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the

Most Merciful.
‫احلُلْ ُع ْقدَ ًة ِمنْ‬
‫س ْر لِي اَ ْم ِري َو ْ‬‫صدْ ِري َو َي ِّ‬ ‫با ْ‬
‫ش َر ْح لِي َ‬ ‫َر ِّ‬
‫سانِي َي ْف َق ُهوا َق ْولِي‬‫لِ َ‬
 Cable structure

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Lecture No # 8 TECHNOLOGY
Fall Semester-2022 PUNJAB TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF
11 Week TECHNOLOGY
TYPES OF TENSILE STRUCTURE

•CABEL

•TENT

•PNEUMATIC
 TENT
A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or
other material draped over, attached to a frame of poles
or attached to a supporting rope.
 CABLES
A cable stayed structure is a structure that is
characterized by a tensioning of the fabric or
pliable material system generally with wire or cable
to provide the critical structural support the
structure.
 Purpose of Cable Structure
Cable structures are fabricated as permanent or
temporary canopy structures for commercial or public
assembly, temporary event structures, modular
industrial construction and landscape artwork.  This
unique fabric canopy strives for a light and airy look by
minimizing the amount of framing and utilizing the
strength of the fabric to help support the stability and
equilibrium of the structure.

Fabric tensioned structures are typically used as a

lightweight roof, protective cover, shelter, skylight,
advertisement and/or identification for stadiums,
arenas, shopping malls, amphitheaters, bandshell, stage
cover, tents, and shade structures for airport and
transportation depots.
 Suspension bridge
• A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the
deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below
suspension cables on vertical suspenders.
• This type of bridge has cables suspended between
towers, plus vertical suspender cables that carry the
weight of the deck below, upon which traffic crosses.
This arrangement allows the deck to be level or to
arc upward for additional clearance.
 Advantages over other type of
bridges
• A suspension bridge can be made out of simple
materials such as wood and common wire rope.
• Longer main spans are achievable than with any
other type of bridge
• Less material may be required than other bridge
types, even at spans they can achieve, leading to a
reduced construction cost
• May be better able to withstand earthquake
movements than can heavier and more rigid bridges
 .
Disadvantages compared with
other bridge types:

Considerable stiffness profiling may be required to

prevent the bridge deck vibrating under high winds
The relatively low deck stiffness compared to other
(non-suspension) types of bridges makes it more
difficult to carry heavy rail traffic where high
concentrated live loads occur
Some access below may be required during
construction, to lift the initial cables or to lift deck
units
Suspended-deck suspension bridge with a distinctly arched deck
An early bridge of this type, the Clifton Suspension Bridge
 Types of cable structure
based on roof cladding
Cable roofs can be divided into 4 categories based on whether the roof
cladding is supported by:

• Simple suspended cables

• Pretensioned cable beams

• Pretensioned cable nets

• Pretensioned cable grids

The total structure may be either self balancing

or non-self balancing.
 Simply suspended cable
structure
The cladding of roof which are
rectangular or trapezoidal in plan can
be supported by a series of simply
suspended cable hanging in vertical
planes.
In roofs which are circular or
elliptical in plan,the cables are
suspended radially and attached at the
perimeter of the roof to a compression
ring and at the centre to a tension
ring .For roof which in plan are
ellipsoids or of similar shapes,a
combination of the above two
geometrical patterns.
 Pretensioned cable beams
structures
Lighter & stiffer systems
than those above can be
achieve if a second set of
cables with reverse
curvature is connected to
the suspension cables.
The resulting
system of cable beams
will be quite stuff if
tension under any
combination of applied
loading.
 Pretensioned cable nets
structures
The 3rd type of cable roof structure is that in which
suspension & pretension cables all lie in one surface
and form a large net.

As with cable beams for a net to be stiff the cable

must be in tensioned & it follows that the geometry of a
net must be such that all the surface is anticlastic or
saddle shape.
few example are given below:
Pretensioned cable nets
structures
 Pretensioned cable grid
structures
Cable grids may be considered as double layer nets or
as multidirectional systems of intersecting cable
beams.

However, from the point of view of structural

efficiency and practical consideration only those which
can be constructed as too or possibly 3 directional
convex, concave and convex –concave system are
practical possibilities
Stiffness of cable structures
The stiffness of cable structures is mainly a function of :

• The curvature of cables

• The cross sectional areas of cables

• The level of pretension

• The stiffness of the boundary and

supporting structure.
 Materials

The frame and cables are typically constructed

with steel. The cables will either be stainless
steel or coated with a clear PVC finish to
protect against corrosion. The steel frame will
be finished with a smooth layer of powder
coat over a base of primer. If the structure is
located near a harsh marine environment, then
an epoxy wet paint finish is provided.
Perspective view of cable
dome structure
Notable cable supported roof
structures

Olympic Stadium, Munich

Notable cable supported roof
structures

Carlos Moseley Music Pavilion, New York ( U.S.A.)

Notable cable supported roof
structures

Millennium Dome(now The O2), London

Notable cable supported roof
structures

Denver International Airport Terminal, Denver

 Cable-stayed bridge
A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that consists of one
or more column (normally referred to as towers or
pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck.
There are two major classes of cable-stayed
bridges: In a harp design, the cables are made nearly
parallel by attaching cables to various points on the
tower(s) so that the height of attachment of each cable
on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower
along the roadway to its lower attachment.
In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass
over the top of the tower.
Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is
optimal for spans longer than typically seen in
cantilever bridges and shorter than those typically
requiring a suspension bridge.
 Key advantages of the cable-stayed
form are as follows:
Much greater stiffness than the suspension bridge, so that
deformations of the deck under live loads are reduced
can be constructed by cantilevering out from the tower -
the cables act both as temporary and permanent supports
to the bridge deck.

A further advantage of the cable-stayed bridge is that any

number of towers may be used. This bridge form can be
as easily built with a single tower, as with a pair of towers.
However, a suspension bridge is usually built only with a
pair of towers.
Sectional view of deck &
bridge
Cable & clamp joints
Well known existing cable
bridge

Frampton-Kenneth Pub Bridge,Zurich,Germany

Well known existing cable
bridge

Bandra -Worli sea Link,Mumbai,india

Thank you

UMER MUSTAFA