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Implicit and Explicit Diff

The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is a method for finding derivatives of functions defined implicitly instead of explicitly. It provides examples of differentiating implicitly defined functions and using the results to find slopes of tangent lines on implicit graphs at given points.

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johnlery guzman
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113 views

Implicit and Explicit Diff

The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is a method for finding derivatives of functions defined implicitly instead of explicitly. It provides examples of differentiating implicitly defined functions and using the results to find slopes of tangent lines on implicit graphs at given points.

Uploaded by

johnlery guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiation

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Implicit Differentiation

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Objectives
 Distinguish between functions written in implicit form
and explicit form.

 Use implicit differentiation to find the derivative of a


function.

3
Implicit and Explicit Functions

4
Implicit and Explicit Functions
Most functions have been expressed in explicit form.

For example, in the equation , the variable y is


explicitly written as a function of x.

Some functions, however, are only implied by an equation.


For instance, the function y = 1/x is defined implicitly by
the equation

xy= 1 Implicit form

5
Implicit and Explicit Functions
To find dy/dx for this equation, you can write y explicitly as
a function of x and then differentiate.

This strategy works whenever you can solve for the


function explicitly.

You cannot, however, use this procedure when you are


unable to solve for y as a function of x.
6
Implicit and Explicit Functions
For instance, how would you find dy/dx for the equation

For this equation, it is difficult to express y as a function of


x explicitly. To do this, you can use implicit
differentiation.

7
Implicit and Explicit Functions
To understand how to find dy/dx implicitly, you must realize
that the differentiation is taking place with respect to x.

This means that when you differentiate terms involving x


alone, you can differentiate as usual.

However, when you differentiate terms involving y, you


must apply the Chain Rule, because you are assuming that
y is defined implicitly as a differentiable function of x.

8
Example 1 – Differentiating with Respect to x

9
Example 1 – Differentiating with Respect to x
cont’d

10
Implicit Differentiation

11
Implicit Differentiation

12
Example 2 – Implicit Differentiation
Find dy/dx given that y3 + y2 – 5y – x2 = –4.

Solution:
1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x.

13
Example 2 – Solution cont’d

2. Collect the dy/dx terms on the left side of the equation


and move all other terms to the right side of the
equation.

3. Factor dy/dx out of the left side of the equation.

4. Solve for dy/dx by dividing by (3y2 + 2y – 5).

14
Implicit Differentiation
To see how you can use an
implicit derivative, consider
the graph shown in Figure 2.27.

From the graph, you can see that


y is not a function of x. Even so,
the derivative found in Example 2
gives a formula for the slope of the
tangent line at a point on this graph.
The slopes at several points on the
graph are shown below the graph.

15
Figure 2.27
Implicit Differentiation
It is meaningless to solve for dy/dx in an equation that has
no solution points. (For example, x2 + y2 = - 4 had no
solution points.)

If, however, a segment of a graph can be represented by a


differentiable equation, then dy/dx will have meaning as the
slope at each point of the segment.

Recall that a function is not differentiable at (a) points with


vertical tangents and (b) points at which the function is not
continuous.

16
Example 5 – Finding the Slope of a Graph Implicitly

Determine the slope of the graph of 3(x2 + y2)2 = 100xy


at the point (3, 1).

Solution:

17
Example 5 – Solution cont’d

18
Example 5 – Solution cont’d

At the point (3, 1), the slope of the graph is as shown in


Figure 2.30. This graph is called a lemniscate.

Figure 2.30

19

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