Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

Temperature Controlled Fan

Presented By-
22142 Kaushal Kulkarni
22144 Yash Kulkarni
22158 Yash Patil
22159 Manas Rathi
Guided By:
Bhakti Kadam
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Introduction
 Microcontrollers play a very important role in the development of the smart
systems as brain is given to the system. Microcontrollers have become the heart
of the new technologies that are being introduced daily. A microcontroller is
mainly a single chip microprocessor suited for control and automation of
machines and processes. Today, microcontrollers are used in many disciplines of
life for carrying out automated tasks in a more accurate manner. Almost every
modern day device including air conditioners, power tools, toys, office machines
employ microcontrollers for their operation. Microcontroller essentially consists
of Central Processing Unit (CPU), timers and counters, interrupts, memory,
input/output ports, analog to digital converters (ADC) on a single chip. With this
single chip integrated circuit design of the microcontroller the size of control
board is reduced and power consumption is low. 
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Introduction
 This project presents the design and simulation of the fan speed control system
using PWM technique based on the room temperature. A temperature sensor has
been used to measure the temperature of the room and the speed of the fan is
varied according to the room temperature using PWM technique. The duty cycle
is varied from 0 to 100 to control the fan speed depending upon the room
temperature, which is displayed on Liquid Crystal Display

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Abstract
 This project is a standalone automatic fan speed controller that
controls the speed of an electric fan according to our requirement.
Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback
control system efficient and reliable. Microcontroller (ATMega8 /
168 / 328) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display
(LCD) makes the system user-friendly. The sensed temperature and
fan speed level values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD
panel. It is very compact using few components and can be
implemented for several applications including air-conditioners,
waterheaters, snow-melters, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers,
furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and veterinary operating tables. 4

ARDUINO micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all

Abstract
 The temperature sensor LM35 senses the temperature and converts it into an
electrical (analog) signal, which is applied to the microcontroller. The sensed
and set values of the temperature are displayed on the 16x2-line LCD. The micro
controller drives Transistor to control the fan speed. This project uses regulated
12V, 2A power supply. This project is useful in process industries for
maintenance and controlling of Boilers temperature.

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Description
 The temperature-based fan speed control system can be done by using an
electronic circuit using an Arduino board. Now Arduino board is very
progressive among all electronic circuits, thus we employed Arduino board for
fan speed control.The proposed system is designed to detect the temperature of
the room and send that information to the Arduino board. Then the Arduino
board executes the contrast of current temperature and set temperature based
on the inbuilt program of the Arduino. The outcome obtained from the
operation is given through the o/p port of an Arduino board to the LCD display
of related data. The generated pulses from the board which is further fed to the
driver circuit to get the preferred output to the fan.

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Features
 Features:
 Calibrated directly in degree Celsius (centigrade)
 Linear +10.0 mV/ degree Celsius
 0.5 degree Celsius accuracy (at +25degree Celsius)
 Rated for full -55 to +150 degree Celsius range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Less than 60 Micro ampere current drains
 Low self-heating, 0.08 degree Celsius in still air
 Nonlinearity only +/- 1/4 degree Celsius typical
 Low impedance output, 0.1 Ohm for 1mA load 7
Specifications/Features
 Breadboard :MCBB400
 Arduino Board : Arduino Uno Rev3
 Temperature Sensor : TMP36GT9Z
 Geared DC Motor : 82862002 Geared DC Motor, Sintered, Brushed, 12 V,
140 rpm, 0.5 N-m, 3.9 W
 Led : MCL053PD
 LED : Red, Through Hole, T-1 3/4 (5mm), 10 mA, 2.1 V, 650 nm

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Methodology
  This project works in three parts -
 In the first step, the sensor senses the temperature by temperature and humidity
sensor namely TMP36GT9Z.
 In the second step, the sensor's output is taken and conversion of temperature value
into a suitable number in Celsius scale is done.
 The fan speed is controlled by using signals.
 And last part of the system shows humidity and temperature on LCD and Fan runs.
 Then we have to program Arduino according to our requirements.

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Methodology

  We have generated PWM from Arduino and put it at the base terminal of the
transistor.
  Then transistor generates voltage with respect to the PWM input.

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Methodology
 COMPONENTS & SUPPLIES
1. Breadboard (generic)
2. Arduino UNO
3. Resistor 330 ohm
4. 5 mm LED Red & Green
5. Temperature Sensor
6. Buzzer
7. Geared DC Motor , 12 V

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What is a temperature sensor?
 A temperature sensor is a device used
to measure temperature. This can be air
temperature, liquid temperature or the
temperature of solid matter.
 There are different types of
temperature sensors available and they
each use different technologies and
principles to take the temperature
measurement.

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What is a Buzzer?
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling
device, which may
be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical
uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

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Algorithm
Step 1 : Declare all the pins (temp, buzzer, green, red).
Step 2 : Initailize Celsius and Fahrenheit values to zero.
Step 3 : Take the input temperature reading through the analog pin (in celsius).
Step 4 : Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit //For user friendly display.
Step 5 : If(celsius<=21) 
               Red light ON
               Else if(celsius>21 and <=26)
               Green led Blink //Indicating room temperature
               Else if(celsius>26)
               Green light ON
               Fan ON
               Buzzer ON
               End if

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Circuit Diagram

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Circuit Simulation

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Results

Sr.No Tempera Red led Green Buzzer Fan

ture led
(deg)
1. <21 ON OFF OFF OFF
2. 22 to 26 OFF BLINK OFF OFF
3. >26 OFF ON ON ON

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Applications
 As we live in the modern era of automation, our project focuses on automating a
trivial task such as fan control.
 Temperature sensor is the driver for the circuit hence it can be customized over
a wide range of temperatures as per the requirements.
 In machines requiring cooling fans this would be a great fit as it can start the
fans as and when required reducing power consumption.
 Also we can vary the rpm of the motor based on the temperature using IC
L293D, which further extends the customizability of our project.
 The buzzer in the circuit can also be used in another circuits requiring cooling
fans, as the buzzer is re programmable it can indicate the overheating of any
component as per requirement.
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Conclusion
 The applications areas of this project are air-conditioners, water-heaters, snow-
melters, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths, and
veterinary operating tables.
 we learned about, how we can make a temperature-controlled fan circuit. Using
an Arduino, DHT11, and few other components. Which can be used pretty much
any place where temperature needs to be maintained at specific levels. Like in
some industries, houses, etc. We checked how it actually works and we also
learned how to code for a temperature-controlled fan.

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Future Scope
 RPM of the motor could be controlled with increasing tempreture using IC
L293D, this will decrease the power consumption and make the project more
practically useable.
 If the circuit is used as a cooling fan after a certain temperature the fan can
directly shift to max speed avoiding the machine to reach the over heating
temperature.
 To make the project more user friendly a digital display can be added which can
show the current temperature and the current fan speed.
 Knowing the maximum RPM we can also display at what percentage of
maximum capacity is the fan running to know the cooling potential of the fan.

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References

 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
 www.ti.com/product/LM35
 www.learningaboutelectronics.com
 https://components101.com/lm35-temperature-sensor
 https://circuitdigest.com/.../16x2-lcd-display-module
 https://www.engineersgarage.com/.../16x2-lcd-module
 https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistor

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