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    Water Pump

    Uploaded by

    Aurnab Khisa
    This document discusses centrifugal pumps. It explains that a centrifugal pump works by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, increasing its velocity and pressure. The fluid enters the center of the rotating impeller and is accelerated by the impeller's vanes before exiting into the casing. Proper pump selection involves matching a pump's performance curve with the system curve where they intersect at the operating point.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Water Pump

    Uploaded by

    Aurnab Khisa
    10 views30 pages
    This document discusses centrifugal pumps. It explains that a centrifugal pump works by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, increasing its velocity and pressure. The fluid enters the center of the rotating impeller and is accelerated by the impeller's vanes before exiting into the casing. Proper pump selection involves matching a pump's performance curve with the system curve where they intersect at the operating point.

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    This document discusses centrifugal pumps. It explains that a centrifugal pump works by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, increasing its velocity and pressure. The fluid enters the center of the rotating impeller and is accelerated by the impeller's vanes before exiting into the casing. Proper pump selection involves matching a pump's performance curve with the system curve where they intersect at the operating point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views30 pages

    Water Pump

    Uploaded by

    Aurnab Khisa
    This document discusses centrifugal pumps. It explains that a centrifugal pump works by using an impeller to accelerate fluid radially outward, increasing its velocity and pressure. The fluid enters the center of the rotating impeller and is accelerated by the impeller's vanes before exiting into the casing. Proper pump selection involves matching a pump's performance curve with the system curve where they intersect at the operating point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Water Pump

    Centrifugal Pumps
    A machine for moving fluid by
    accelerating the fluid RADIALLY
    outward.
    From the Center
    of a Circle

    RADIAL DIRECTION
    To the Outside of a Circle
    Centrifugal Pumps
     This machine consists of an IMPELLER
    rotating within a case (diffuser)

     Liquid directed into the


    center of the rotating
    impeller is picked up by
    the impeller’s vanes and
    accelerated to a higher velocity by the
    rotation of the impeller and discharged by
    centrifugal force into the case
    (diffuser).
    Centrifugal Pumps
     A collection chamber in the casing converts
    much of the Kinetic Energy (energy due to
    velocity) into Head or Pressure.
    Pump
    Terminology
    "Head"
     Head is a term for expressing feet of water column
     Head can also be converted to pressure

    Reservoir 100
    of Fluid feet
    43.3 PSI
    Pressure
    Gauge
    Conversion Factors Between
    Head and Pressure
     Head (feet of liquid) =Pressure in PSI x 2.31 / Sp. Gr.
     Pressure in PSI = Head (in feet) x Sp. Gr. / 2.31
     PSI is Pounds per Square Inch
     Sp. Gr. is Specific Gravity which for water is equal to
    1
     For a fluid more dense than water, Sp. Gr. is
    greater than 1
     For a fluid less dense than water, Sp. Gr. is less
    than 1
    Head
     Head and pressure are interchangeable
    terms provided that they are expressed in
    their correct units.
     The conversion of all pressure terms into
    units of equivalent head simplifies most
    pump calculations.
    Centrifugal Impellers
    Impeller
    Vanes

    “Eye of the
    Impeller” Thickness
    Water of the impeller
    Diameter of
    Entrance
    the Impeller

     Thicker the Impeller- More Water


     Larger the DIAMETER - More Pressure
     Increase the Speed - More Water and
    Pressure
    Two Impellers in Series

    Direction of Flow

     Twice the pressure


     Same amount of water
    Multiple Impellers in Series

    Direction of Flow Direction of Flow

     Placing impellers in series increases the


    amount of head produced
     The head produced = # of impellers x head
    of one impeller
    Pump Power Requirements

     The power added to water as it moves through a


    pump can be calculated with the following formula:

    WHP = Q x TDH
    3960

    where: WHP = Water Horse Power


    Q = Flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM)
    TDH = Total Dynamic Head (feet)
    Break Horse power
    BHP = WHP
    Pump Eff. x Drive Eff.

    BHP -- Brake Horsepower (continuous horsepower rating of the


    power unit).
    Pump Eff. -- Efficiency of the pump usually read from a pump
    curve and having a value between 0 and 1.
    Drive Eff. -- Efficiency of the drive unit between the power source
    and the pump. For direct connection this value is 1, for right
    angle drives the value is 0.95 and for belt drives it can
    vary from 0.7 to 0.85.
    Pump Performance Curve
     A mapping or graphing of the pump's ability to produce head
    and flow
    Pump Performance Curve
    Step #1, Horizontal Axis

     The pump's flow rate is plotted on the


    horizontal axis ( X axis)
     Usually expressed in Gallons per
    Minute

    Pump Flow Rate


    Pump Performance Curve
    Step #2, Vertical Axis

     The head the pump produces is


    plotted on the vertical axis (Y axis)
     Usually express in Feet of Water
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    Pump Performance Curve
    Step #3, Mapping the Flow and the Head

    Performance Curve

     Most pump
    performance curves
    slope from left to
    Head

    right

    Pump Flow Rate


    Pump Performance Curve
    Important Points

    Shut-off Head
     Shut-off Head is the maximum
    pressure or head the pump can
    produce
     No flow is produced
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    Pump Performance Curve
    Important Points

    Maximum Flow

     Maximum Flow is the


    largest flow the pump can
    Head

    produce
     No Head is produced

    Pump Flow Rate


    System Performance Curves
     System Performance Curve is a mapping
    of the head required to produce flow in a
    given system
     A system includes all the pipe, fittings and
    devices the fluid must flow through, and
    represents the friction loss the fluid
    experiences
    System Performance Curve
    Step #1, Horizontal Axis

     The System's flow rate in plotted on the horizontal


    axis ( X axis)
     Usually expressed in Gallons per Minute

    System Flow Rate


    System Performance Curve
    Step #2, Vertical Axis
    ! The head the system requires is plotted on
    the vertical axis (Y axis)
    ! Usually express in Feet of Water
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    System Performance Curve
    Step #3, Curve Mapping
     The friction loss is mapped onto the graph
     The amount of friction loss varies with flow through
    the system

    Friction Loss
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    The point on the system curve that intersects
    the pump curve is known as the operating
    point.
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    PUMP SELECTION
    Circulator 1

    Circulator
    2

    Circulator 3
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate


    Pump operation point
     A centrifugal pump operates at combinations of head
    and discharge according to its H-Q characteristic
    performance curve. The particular combination of H-Q
    at which a pump is operating is the pump’s operating
    point. Power requirement, efficiency and NPSH for the
    pump can be determined once the operating point is
    known.

     The specific operating point depends on the head and


    water volume requirements of the irrigation system. A
    system curve describes the H–Q performance of the
    irrigation system.

     The system curve is then combined with the H-Q


    characteristic curve of the pump to determine the
    operating point.
    Pump operation point

     Operating points can be altered by


    changing either the H-Q curve for the
    pump or for irrigation system. Pump can
    be altered by changing the pump speed or
    the impeller diameter.
    Shifting pump operation point
    Pump curve for 2000rpm

    H Pump curve for 1800 rpm

    Pump operation point

    Q
    This is the point where the H-Q requirements of the irrigation system
    are equal to the H-Q produced by the pump.
    Controlling Pump Performance

     Changing the amount for friction loss or "Throttling the


    Pump" will change the pump's performance
    PUMP SELECTION
    Valve Barely Open
    Valve Partially Open

    Valve Open
    Head

    Pump Flow Rate

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