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Acid Base Reaction

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bases as substances that accept hydrogen ions. Common strong acids include HCl and HNO3, while the most common weak base is ammonia (NH3). A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base, forming a salt and water. The net ionic equation for reactions between strong acids and bases is always H+ + OH- → H2O. Sulfide, carbonate, and bicarbonate ions also act as bases by accepting H+ from acids and forming gases like H2S or CO2.

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50 views9 pages

Acid Base Reaction

This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bases as substances that accept hydrogen ions. Common strong acids include HCl and HNO3, while the most common weak base is ammonia (NH3). A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and a base, forming a salt and water. The net ionic equation for reactions between strong acids and bases is always H+ + OH- → H2O. Sulfide, carbonate, and bicarbonate ions also act as bases by accepting H+ from acids and forming gases like H2S or CO2.

Uploaded by

darshanpanda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Acids and Bases

For now, acids ionize in aqueous solutions to form


a hydrogen ion (H+).
-- “proton donors”
-- monoprotic acids
e.g., HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH
-- diprotic acids
e.g., H2SO4
H2SO4(aq) H+(aq) + HSO4–(aq)
In soln… HSO4–(aq) H+(aq) + SO42–(aq)
(only first ionization is complete)
With weak acids, the first ionization isn’t even close to complete.
For now, bases are substances that accept
hydrogen ions (i.e., protons).

-- OH– is very basic


-- equation: H+(aq) + OH–(aq)  H2O(l)
H+ + OH–  H2O

The most common weak base is ammonia, NH3;


it ionizes only about 1%.
-- equation:

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq)


Classify as a… LiOH strong
strong electrolyte,
weak electrolyte, HClO3 strong
or nonelectrolyte. C6H12O6 non-
HClO weak

If 0.40 mol of each of the following are dissolved in


2.5 L of water, rank them from least to greatest
electrical conductivity.
HBrO2 Ca(CH3COO)2
CH3OH KNO3
CH3OH < HBrO2 < KNO3 < Ca(CH3COO)2
A neutralization reaction has the form:

ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

-- recall that “salt” means an ionic compound

Write the balanced molecular equation when


nitric acid reacts w/barium hydroxide.
2 HNO3 + Ba(OH)2  Ba(NO3)2 + 2 H2O
(aq) (aq) (aq) (l)
NO3– H+ Ba2+ OH– Ba2+ NO3– H2 O

Write the net ionic equation for the above reaction.


H+ + OH–  H2O
Write the balanced molecular eq. when perchloric acid
reacts w/potassium hydroxide.

HClO4 + KOH  KClO4 + H2O


(aq) (aq) (aq) (l)

H+ ClO4– K+ OH– K+ ClO4– H 2O

Write the net ionic equation for the above reaction.

H+ + OH–  H2O

For EVERY strong acid/strong


base rxn, the net ionic equation
is… H+ + OH–  H2O.
Three other anions that act as bases (i.e., as p+
acceptors) are the sulfide ion (S2–), the carbonate
ion (CO32–), and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3–). All
react w/acids to form gases.
-- sulfide ion: reacts w/acids to form H2S(g)
e.g.,
2 HCl(aq) + K2S(aq) H2S(g) + 2 KCl(aq)
Net ionic eq… 2 H+(aq) + S2–(aq)  H2S(g)

Hydrogen sulfide is produced by


anaerobic bacteria associated with water
collection and treatment processes.
It is corrosive, odorous, toxic, and
contributes to the formation of acid rain.
-- carbonate and bicarbonate ions:
react w/acids to form CO2(g)
2 HNO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)

HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s or aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

The acidification of baking soda (i.e., sodium


hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate) with
vinegar (i.e., acetic acid) is a well-known reaction
that has carbon dioxide as one of the products.

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