Introduction

 Newton's Second Law

 Newton's second law explains the relationship between force, mass, and
acceleration.
 It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
 In simpler terms, it means that the more force applied to an object, the more it will
accelerate. Conversely, the more mass an object has, the less it will accelerate for
a given force.
Example 1

 Pushing a Car
 Imagine pushing a car that has a mass of 1000 kg.
 You apply a force of 500 N to move it forward.
 According to Newton's second law, the car's acceleration can be calculated using
the formula: acceleration = net force / mass.
 In this case, acceleration = 500 N / 1000 kg = 0.5 m/s².
Example 2

 Accelerating a Rocket
 Let's consider a rocket with a mass of 5000 kg.
 The net force acting on it is 10,000 N.
 Using Newton's second law, we can calculate the acceleration: acceleration = net
force / mass.
 Plugging in the values, acceleration = 10,000 N / 5000 kg = 2 m/s².
Misunderstandings

 Equal Acceleration for Different Forces

 One common misunderstanding is that objects with different forces applied to
them will have the same acceleration.
 This is not true according to Newton's second law.
 Objects with a greater force will experience a greater acceleration, whereas
objects with a smaller force will have a smaller acceleration.
Misunderstandings

 Equal Mass for Different Accelerations

 Another misconception is that objects with the same mass will always have the
same acceleration, regardless of the force applied.
 Newton's second law tells us that this is not the case.
 Objects with a greater force will have a greater acceleration, even if their mass is
the same as another object.
Experimental Example

 Measuring Acceleration
 To understand how to measure acceleration, let's perform an experiment.
 Take a cart with known mass and attach a force sensor to it.
 Apply a force to the cart and measure the resulting acceleration using a motion
sensor.
 Repeat this experiment with different masses and forces to observe the
relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
Experimental Example

 Plotting Measurements
 After performing the experiment, plot the measurements on a graph.
 Mass should be on the x-axis and acceleration on the y-axis.
 Connect the points with a line to visualize the relationship between force, mass,
and acceleration.
 The graph should show that as force increases, acceleration also increases, but as
mass increases, acceleration decreases.
Example 3

 Throwing a Ball
 Consider throwing a ball with a mass of 0.5 kg.
 You exert a force of 20 N to launch the ball.
 Using Newton's second law, we can find the acceleration: acceleration = net
force / mass.
 Substituting the values, acceleration = 20 N / 0.5 kg = 40 m/s².
Example 4

 Tug of War
 Let's imagine a tug of war between two teams.
 Team A pulls with a force of 400 N, while Team B pulls with a force of 600 N.
 If both teams have the same mass, which team will have a greater acceleration?
 According to Newton's second law, Team B will have a greater acceleration since
they exert a larger force.
Recap

 Newton's Second Law

 Newton's second law relates force, mass, and acceleration.
 It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
and inversely proportional to its mass.
 Remember: more force results in more acceleration, while more mass results in
less acceleration.
Summary

 Examples of Newton's Second Law

 Pushing a car with a force of 500 N will result in an acceleration of 0.5 m/s².
 A rocket with a net force of 10,000 N and a mass of 5000 kg will have an
acceleration of 2 m/s².
 Throwing a ball with a force of 20 N and a mass of 0.5 kg will result in an
acceleration of 40 m/s².
 In a tug of war, the team applying a larger force will have a greater acceleration.
Questions

 Based on Newton's second law, which object will have a greater acceleration: one
with a larger force or one with a larger mass?
 Calculate the acceleration of an object with a force of 800 N and a mass of 0.4 kg.
 True or False: Objects with the same mass will always have the same acceleration,
regardless of the force applied.
Questions (cont.)

 True or False: Objects with different forces applied to them will have the same
acceleration.
 Discuss your experimental findings on the relationship between force, mass, and
acceleration.
 How does the graph of force versus acceleration change as mass increases?
Answers
1. The object with a larger force will have
a greater acceleration.
2. Using Newton's second law:
acceleration = force / mass, we get:
acceleration = 800 N / 0.4 kg = 2000 m/s².
3. False. Objects with the same mass will
not always have the same acceleration.
4. False. Objects with different forces
applied to them will not have the same
Answers (cont.)

 Share and discuss experimental findings on the relationship between force, mass,
and acceleration.
 The graph of force versus acceleration shows that as force increases, acceleration
increases. However, as mass increases, acceleration decreases.
Review

 Newton's Second Law

 What is the definition of Newton's second law?
 Which factors does Newton's second law relate?
 Explain the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's
second law.
Review

 Examples of Newton's Second Law

 Calculate the acceleration of an object with a force of 100 N and a mass of 5 kg.
 Which team in a tug of war will have a greater acceleration: the one with a force
of 600 N or the one with a force of 800 N?
 True or False: Objects with different forces applied to them will have the same
acceleration.
Review

 Misunderstandings
 Provide an example of a common misunderstanding related to Newton's second
law.
 Does an object with a larger force always have a greater acceleration, regardless
of its mass?
 True or False: Objects with the same mass will always have the same acceleration,
regardless of the force applied.
Review

 Experimental Example
 Explain how to measure acceleration experimentally.
 What variables should be plotted on a graph to observe the relationship between
force, mass, and acceleration?
 What do the plotted points on the graph show about the relationship between
force, mass, and acceleration?
Conclusion

 Newton's Second Law

 Newton's second law helps us understand the relationship between force, mass,
and acceleration.
 By applying this law, we can calculate the acceleration of objects and analyze
various scenarios.
 Remember to consider both force and mass when determining the acceleration of
an object.