SAMPLING,

PROBABILITY
AND SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
DEFINITIONS
Population
- is a set or collection of all possible observations of
some characteristic.

Sample
- is a part or subset of the population

Random Sample
- is a sample that is chosen in such a way as to
ensure that every sample of size n has the same
probability of being chosen.

The probability distribution of a statistic is

known as a sampling distribution.
DEFINITIONS
Sampling
- selecting a particular group or sample to
represent the entire population
- it is a process used in statistical analysis in which
a predetermined number of observation (sample) are taken
from a larger population.

Sampling distribution of the sample mean

- is a theoretical probability distribution that shows
the functional relation ship between the possible values of
a given sample mean based on samples of size n and the
probability associated with each value, for all possible
samples of size n drawn from that particular population.
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
The probability distribution that describes the probability for each mean of all
the samples with the same sample size n is called sampling distribution.
STEPS in Constructing the Sampling Distribution of the Means
1. Determine the number of sets of all possible samples that can be drawn
from the given population by using the formula, where N is the population
size and n is the sample size.

2. List all the possible sample and compute the mean of each sample.
3. Construct the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
4. Compute for the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean.
or

5. Construct a histogram of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6, 8,
10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling distribution of
the sample mean.

N=5 n=3

There are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be draw from the given data.

6 8 10 12 14

Step 1:Determine the number of sets of all possible samples

Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6, 8,
10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling distribution of
the sample mean.

N=5 n=3

There are 10 possible samples of size 3 that can be draw from the given data.

6 8 10 12 14

Samples
6, 8, 10 6, 8, 12 6, 8, 14 6, 10, 12 6, 10, 14
6, 12, 14 8, 10, 12 8, 10, 14 8, 12, 14 10, 12, 14

Step 1:Determine the number of sets of all possible samples

Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6, 8,
10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling distribution of
the sample mean.

Sample Mean
6, 8, 10
8

6, 8, 12 8.67
6, 8, 14 9.33
6, 10, 12 9.33
6, 10, 14 10
6, 12, 14 10.67
8, 10, 12 10
8, 10, 14 10.67
8, 12, 14 11.33
10, 12, 14 12

Step 2: List all the possible sample and compute the mean of each sample
Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6, 8,
10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling distribution of
the sample mean.

Sample Mean Sample Mean Probability

Frequency
6, 8, 10
8 8 1 1/10 = 0.10
8.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 Sampling
6, 8, 12 8.67 Distribution
9.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
6, 8, 14 9.33 10 2 2/10 = 0.20
6, 10, 12 9.33 10.67 2 2/10 = 0.20
6, 10, 14 10 11.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
6, 12, 14 10.67
12 1 1/10 = 0.10
8, 10, 12 10
TOTAL n = 10 1
8, 10, 14 10.67
8, 12, 14 11.33
10, 12, 14 12

Step 3: Construct the sampling distribution of the sample mean

Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6,
8, 10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling
distribution of the sample mean.

Sample Mean Sample Mean Probability

Frequency
6, 8, 10
8 8 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.8
8.67 1 1/10 = 0.10 0.867
6, 8, 12 8.67 9.33 1.866
2 2/10 = 0.20
6, 8, 14 9.33 10 2 2/10 = 0.20 2
6, 10, 12 9.33 10.67 2 2/10 = 0.20 2.134
6, 10, 14 10 11.33 1 1/10 = 0.10 1.133
6, 12, 14 10.67
12 1 1/10 = 0.10 1.2
8, 10, 12 10
n = 10 Ʃ = 10
8, 10, 14 10.67
8, 12, 14 11.33
Ʃ = 10
10, 12, 14 12

n = 10 Ʃ = 100 = ¿ 10 mean of the sampling distribution

of the mean

Step 4: Compute for the mean of the sampling distribution of the mean
Example 1:
Suppose we have the population consisting the age of five children: 6,
8, 10, 12 and 14. Take samples of size 3 and construct sampling
distribution of the sample mean.
Construct a Histogram

Sample Mean Probability

Frequency

8 1 1/10 = 0.10
𝟑
𝟏𝟎
8.67 1 1/10 = 0.10
9.33 2 2/10 = 0.20
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
10 2 2/10 = 0.20
𝟏
10.67 2 2/10 = 0.20 𝟏𝟎
11.33 1 1/10 = 0.10
12 1 1/10 = 0.10 0
8 8.67 9.33 10 10.67 11.33 12
Example 2:
Samples of 2 cards are drawn at random from a population of 6 cards
numbered from 1 to 6. Construct sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Sample Mean 𝑁!
❑𝑁 𝐶𝑛 =
1, 2 1.5 𝑛 ! ( 𝑁 −𝑛 ) !
1, 3 2
1, 4 2.5 6!
1, 5 3 ❑6 𝐶 2=
2 ! ( 6 −2 ) !
1, 6 3.5
2, 3 2.5 6! 6 ∙5 ∙ 4 !
❑6 𝐶 2= ¿
2, 4 3 2 ! 4 ! 2 ∙1 ∙ 4 !
2, 5 3.5
2, 6 4 6∙5 30
❑6 𝐶 2= ¿ 15
3, 4 3.5 2∙1 2
3, 5 4
3, 6 4.5
4, 5 4.5
4, 6 5
5, 6 5.5
Example 2:
Samples of 2 cards are drawn at random from a population of 6 cards
numbered from 1 to 6. Construct sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Sample Mean Sample Mean Probability
Frequency
1, 2 1.5
1, 3 1.5 1 1/15 = 0.07 0.105
2
1, 4 2.5 2 1 1/15 = 0.07 0.14
1, 5 3 2.5 2 2/15 = 0.13 0.325
1, 6 3.5 3 2 2/15 = 0.13 0.39
2, 3 2.5 3.5 3 3/15 = 0.2 0.7
2, 4 3 4 2 2/15 = 0.13 0.52
2, 5 3.5 4.5 2 2/15 = 0.13 0.585
2, 6 4 5 1 1/15 = 0.07 0.35
3, 4 3.5 5.5 1 1/15 = 0.07 0.385
3, 5 4 n = 15 Ʃ = 3.5
3, 6 4.5
4, 5 4.5 Ʃ = 3.5
4, 6 5 = ¿ 𝟑 .𝟓
5, 6 5.5 mean of the sampling distribution
Ʃ = 52.5 of the mean
n = 15
Example 2:
Samples of 2 cards are drawn at random from a population of 6 cards
numbered from 1 to 6. Construct sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Construct a Histogram

Sample Mean Probability

Frequency

1.5 1 1/15 = 0.07 𝟑

2 1 1/15 = 0.07 𝟏𝟓
2.5 2 2/15 = 0.13 𝟐
𝟏𝟓
3 2 2/15 = 0.13
3.5 3 3/15 = 0.2 𝟏
𝟏𝟓
4 2 2/15 = 0.13
4.5 2 2/15 = 0.13 0
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
5 1 1/15 = 0.07
5.5 1 1/15 = 0.07
 ACTIVITY
Samples of 4 numbers are taken randomly from the
population of numbers consist of values 2, 3, 5, 7, 9,
11.

a. Construct a sampling distribution of the sample

mean
b. Compute for the mean of the sampling distribution
of the mean
c. Construct a histogram of the sampling distribution
of the mean.