Lecture3 Text
Lecture3 Text
Topics Covered
1. Introduction of text.
2. Text elements.
3. Types of text.
4. Fonts and typefaces.
5. Font Terminology.
6. Classification of fonts.
7. Font styles.
8. Font types.
9. Bitmapped and Vector fonts.
10. Font appearance.
11. Font mapping.
12. Guidelines of choosing fonts.
13. Efficient use of text.
Introduction
• Text is obviously the simplest of data types
and requires the least amount of storage.
Page titles
Delivering information in form of multiple sentences /
paragraphs
Labels for pictures
Alphabet characters
A – Z and a – z
Numbers
0–9
Special characters
Punctuation (. , ; “ ‘ ! : - /)
Signs ($ + - = @ # % ^ & *)
Obtaining Text
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner (OCR) – Optical Character
Recognization*
* designed to translate images of handwritten or typewritten text
(usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text.
Types of Text
Hypertext
Unicode
– Unicode is the universal standard for multi language
characters published by Unicode Consortium.
– Unicode 4.0 standard covers 96,382 characters Unicode
using 16 bits uniform encoding. Characters
– Unicode can support a wide variety of non-Roman
alphabets including Han Chinese, Japanese, Arabic,
Korean, Bengali, and so on.
ﺍﺏﺙﺚﺝﺡﺥ
αβγδεζ
Formatted Text
Typeface
Graphic representation or the shape of characters.
A typeface is a family of related fonts
Example : Bookman Old Style
Fonts & Typefaces
•Shape: upright/italic/slanted
Slant is a vertical shear effect, italic uses different glyph shapes with a
slant
•Weight: bold/normal/light
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Font Terminology
Cap height, The height of a capital letter measured from the baseline
X-height, The height of lowercase letters reach based on height of
lowercase x; does not include ascenders or descenders.
Ascender, An upward vertical stroke found on the part of lowercase
letters that extends above the typeface’s x-height.
Descender, The part of the letters that extends below the baseline.
Body size, The complete area covered by all of the characters in a
font.
Serif
Tracking
Ascender
BD hp
Av
Kerning
Descender
AvUnkerned
Av
Kerned
Serif and sans serif fonts
Fonts can broadly be said to be of one of two types:
serif or sans serif
A serif is the decorative ‘bit’ at the end of a letter stroke
Serif fonts have them and sans serif fonts don’t (‘sans’ being
French for ‘without’)
Serif fonts are usually used for printed media or
documents that have large quantities of text.
This is because the serif helps guide the reader’s eye along
the line
Sans Serif fonts are considered better for computer
displays because of the sharper contrast.
Serif fonts Sans serif fonts
Colours
Some common fonts used today include:
Arial (or Helvetica)
A sans serif font
Times New Roman (or Times Roman)
A serif font
Courier New (or Courier)
A monospaced font (all characters have the
same width)
Bitmapped and vector fonts
Fonts can either be stored as bitmapped or vector
Vector fonts can draw any size by scaling the vector drawing
primitives mathematically
File size is much smaller than bitmaps.
TrueType and PostScript are vector font formats.
Bitmapped and vector fonts
Can you read this? It is easier because people will recognize shape of
characters easier this way.
Can you read this? It is easier because people will recognize shape of characters
easier this way.
Meaningful words
Text is use for titles and headlines, menus,
navigation, and content.
• Use as few typefaces as possible but you can vary the size and
style using italic or bold.
• Adjust the leading or line spacing where you have a lot of text
for easier reading.
• Use anti-aliasing for big fonts but turn off anti-aliasing for
small fonts.
10. Vector fonts can draw any size by scaling the vector
drawing primitives mathematically.
File size is much smaller than bitmaps.