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    Zumdahl Chapter 1

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    Zamanoden D. Unda
    The document discusses the importance of chemistry in daily life through food, shelter, health and more. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes, making it a central and foundational science. The scientific method is introduced as a process for studying natural phenomena through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing.

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    Zumdahl Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Zamanoden D. Unda
    47 views14 pages
    The document discusses the importance of chemistry in daily life through food, shelter, health and more. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes, making it a central and foundational science. The scientific method is introduced as a process for studying natural phenomena through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing.

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    Zumdahl Chapter 1(1)

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    The document discusses the importance of chemistry in daily life through food, shelter, health and more. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes, making it a central and foundational science. The scientific method is introduced as a process for studying natural phenomena through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    47 views14 pages

    Zumdahl Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Zamanoden D. Unda
    The document discusses the importance of chemistry in daily life through food, shelter, health and more. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes, making it a central and foundational science. The scientific method is introduced as a process for studying natural phenomena through observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    GENERAL CHEMISTRY:

    A Foundation

    1
    Chemistry: An Introduction

    Chapter 1

    2
    Why is Chemistry Important?
    • In Our Daily Lives
    –meeting our basic needs of food, clothing,
    shelter, health, energy, and clean air, water,
    and soil.
    –Even your body is made of chemicals.
    Chemical reactions occur when you breathe,
    eat, or just sit there reading. All matter is made
    of chemicals, so the importance of chemistry is
    that it's the study of everything.

    3
    What is Chemistry?
    • The science that deals with the materials
    of the universe and the changes these
    materials undergo
    • The Central Science
    –because it's so important to other fields of
    science, like biology, physics, medicine,
    engineering, materials science, and many other
    areas of study.

    4
    The Scientific Method
    • A process of studying natural phenomena
    that involves making observations, forming
    laws and theories, and testing theories by
    experimentation
    • The five steps of the scientific method
    include 1) defining the problem 2) making
    observations, 3) forming a hypothesis, 4)
    conducting an experiment and 5) drawing
    conclusions.
    5
    The Scientific Method
    • Make Observations
    –Qualitative  Descriptions
    –Quantitative  Measurements
    • Formulate Hypotheses
    –Possible Explanations for Observed
    Characteristics or Behaviors
    • Perform Experiments
    –Test Hypothesis

    6
    The Scientific Method
    • Repeat the process until we get a well-
    tested explanation
    • Theory  a set of assumptions put forth
    to explain some aspect of the observed
    behavior of matter
    –May need to be modified or discarded as new
    information (observations) becomes known

    7
    The Scientific Method
    • While Experimenting we may Observe the
    Same Behavior all the time, and therefore
    be able to Predict this Behavior will Always
    Occur in the Future
    • Law  a generally observed behavior
    –Without explanation as to why the behavior
    occurs!

    8
    The Difference Between a Theory and a
    Law

    • Laws predict what will happen

    • Theories explain why something


    happens
    –Which will also allow you to predict what will
    happen!

    9
    Figure 1.1:
    The various
    parts of the
    scientific
    method.
    The Best Approach to Learning
    Chemistry
    • Learn the Vocabulary of Chemistry
    –Definitions of Terms
    –How Common Vocabulary is Applied to Chemistry
    • Memorize Important Information
    –Names, Formulas and Charges of Polyatomic Ions
    –Solubility Rules
    • Learn and Practice Processes
    –Systematic Names and Formulas
    –Dimensional Analysis
    • Do the Questions and Exercises at the End of the
    Chapter to Test your Understanding and help you
    See the Patterns

    11
    Classification of Matter
    • A substance is matter that has a definite
    or constant composition and distinct
    properties. Examples are water, silver,
    ethanol, table salt (sodium chloride), and
    carbondioxide. Substances differ from one
    another in composition and can be
    identified by their appearance, smell,
    taste, and other properties.
    • A mixture is a combination of two or more
    substances in which the substances retain
    their distinct identities. Some examples
    are air, soft drinks, milk, and cement.
    Mixtures do not have constant
    composition.
    Mixture
    • When a spoonful of sugardissolves in water,
    the composition of the mixture, after
    sufficient stirring, is the same throughout the
    solution. This solution is a homogeneous
    mixture.

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