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Loop and Array

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42 views

Loop and Array

Uploaded by

Sofia Arquero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Note that 

if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.

Use of Conditional statements


The if Statement
• Use the if statement to specify a block of Java code to be executed if a
condition is true.

Syntax
if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
}
Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an
error.
The else Statement
Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false.

Syntax
if (condition) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition is false
}
int time = 20;
if (time < 18) {
System.out.println("Good day.");
} else {
System.out.println("Good evening.");
}
// Outputs "Good evening."
The else if Statement
Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first condition is false.

SyntaxGet your own Java Server


if (condition1) {
// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is false
}
ExampleGet your own Java Server
int time = 22;
if (time < 10) {
System.out.println("Good morning.");
} else if (time < 18) {
System.out.println("Good day.");
} else {
System.out.println("Good evening.");
}
// Outputs "Good evening."
Java Switch Statements
Instead of writing many if..else statements, you can use the switch statement.

The switch statement selects one of many code blocks to be executed:


SyntaxGet your own Java Server
switch(expression) {
case x:
// code block
break;
case y:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
This is how it works:

The switch expression is evaluated once.


The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case.
If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
The break and default keywords are optional, and will be described later in this chapter
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Thursday");
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("Friday");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println("Saturday");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println("Sunday");
break;
}
// Outputs "Thursday" (day 4)
Loops can execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is
reached.

Loops are handy because they save time, reduce errors, and they make
code more readable.
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 6:
System.out.println("Today is Saturday");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println("Today is Sunday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Looking forward to the Weekend");
}
// Outputs "Looking forward to the Weekend"
Java While Loop

The while loop loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true:

SyntaxGet your own Java Server


while (condition) {
// code block to be executed
}
In the example below, the code in the loop will run, over and over again, as long as a variable (i) is less than 5:

ExampleGet your own Java Server


int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
Java For Loop
When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop instead of a while loop:

SyntaxGet your own Java Server


for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) {
// code block to be executed
}
Statement 1 is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

Statement 2 defines the condition for executing the code block.

Statement 3 is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.

The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:

ExampleGet your own Java Server


for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
Nested Loops
It is also possible to place a loop inside another loop. This is called a nested loop.

The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":

ExampleGet your own Java Server


// Outer loop
for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
System.out.println("Outer: " + i); // Executes 2 times

// Inner loop
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
System.out.println(" Inner: " + j); // Executes 6 times (2 * 3)
}
}

Test Yourself With Exercises


Exercise:
Use a for loop to print "Yes" 5 times.

(int i = 0; i < 5;
){
System.out.println(
);
}
Java Arrays
Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring
separate variables for each value.

To declare an array, define the variable type with square brackets:

String[] cars;
We have now declared a variable that holds an array of strings. To insert values to it, you
can place the values in a comma-separated list, inside curly braces:

String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};


To create an array of integers, you could write:

int[] myNum = {10, 20, 30, 40};


Access the Elements of an Array
You can access an array element by referring to the index number.

This statement accesses the value of the first element in cars:

ExampleGet your own Java Server


String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
System.out.println(cars[0]);
// Outputs Volvo

Note: Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second
element, etc.
String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
cars[0] = "Opel";
System.out.println(cars[0]);
// Now outputs Opel instead of Volvo

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