Organization

and
Management

Mr. Raymond D. De Vera, LPT

The Management Concept
Management has always been attributed to
the activities of an organization, specifically its
day-to-day operations. It consist of
administrative job functions that require
critical thinking and decision making.
Nature of Management
Management is a science as well as an art. It
is a body of knowledge whose ideas and
principles have become the basis of
organizational frameworks employed by
many businesses and organizations
 “Good management is the art of making
problems so interesting and their solutions so
constructive that everyone wants to get to
work and deal with them”

-Paul Hawken
Meaning and
Importance of
Management
Management motivates others to
perform certain tasks.
Management integrates the 6Ms
namely material, machines,
market, money, men and
methods, which aids in achieving
the expected results economically
and quickly in terms of sales,
profit, production, and goodwill.
Management
is the process of planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling the activities of an organization
affectively and efficiently to achieve its goals. It
also provides the means to maintain a firm's
competitive advantage.
Efficiency and Effectiveness
Efficiency – is the ability to maximize output with
minimum input.
Effectiveness – is the capacity to attain an
intended objective and result.
Factors Influencing Management

Globalization – the process by

which businesses or other organizations
develop international influence or start
operating on an international scale
Factors Influencing Management

Technology – one of the main driving

forces of business. Advancement in
this area have immensely improved
business trends.
Factors Influencing Management
Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility –
sustainability in business means that companies should
plan and conduct long-term business operations to ensure
minimal negative impact on the social, cultural and
economic aspects of their external environment or
community.
Factors Influencing Management
Psychology – is an important facet in management since it
focuses on developing people management skills and
analyzing customer satisfaction. A better understanding of
psychological concepts such as motivation, behavior,
attitude, and personality is vital for effective management.
Factors Influencing Management
Ecosystem – is the network of organizations including
suppliers, distributors, customers, competitors, and
government agencies involved in the delivery of a
specific product or service through both competition
and cooperation.
The Evolution of
Management
Theories
The Development of Management
1100 BC
Practice of the four
managerial functions
by the Chinese
The Development of Management
400 – 350BC 400 – 350BC
Development of a Practice of
scientific Management
approach to work decentralization
by the Greeks by the Romans
The Development of Management
Medieval Period
Venetians improved production by
standardizing assembly lines, using an
inventory system, and building
warehouses.
The Development of Management
1780 - 1840
Emergence of economies of scale
which reduced manufacturing
costs during the Industrial
Revolution.
The Development of Management
Early 20th Century
Business schools flourished. Some
notable schools established at that
time were Wharton School and Amos
Tuck School.
The Development of Management
20th Century to Present
US companies engage in
manufacturing as the core
business.
Scientific Management
Theory
The Manager
Learning Objectives:
• identify the main functions of management;
• determine the roles of managers;
• discuss the key skills of managers; and
• describe and compare the levels of
management.
The Managers
Managers perform the main managerial
functions in the organization and assume
different roles in the performance of their
duties.
 Different types of Manager
1. Problem-solving Manager- focuses on
providing solution to every problem of the
company.
2. Pitchfork Manager- threatens employees
to work towards a goal.
 Different types of Manager
3. Pontificating Manager- neither follows any
strategy nor prepares for any situation or
task and usually ends up with inconsistent
result.
4. Presumptuous Manager- thinks only of
himself or herself.
 Different types of Manager
4. Perfect Manager- is open to change and
personal growth.
5. Passive Manager- wants to please
everyone and make the team members
happy.
 Different types of Manager
6. Proactive Manager- possesses the good
qualities of the other types of managers.
Main Management Functions
Planning

Achieve
Organizing Mission/Vison Controlling

Leading
 Planning
Is the management function wherein
managers identify and select the company’s
goals and determine the corresponding
courses of action in order to achieve them.
 Organizing
Refers to structuring the business
organization in such a way that employees
are grouped together to perform jobs or
tasks.
 Leading
Managers help the company achieve its
objective by influencing their subordinates to
perform the tasks assigned to them.
 Controlling
Requires managers to identify any deviations
from the strategies and methods used in
attaining the company’s objectives.
Levels of Management

Top Level
(Director, VP, Chief operating
Officer, Chief Executive
Officer, General Manager)

Middle Level
(Department Head, Division Manager

Low Level
(Supervisor, First Line, Frontline)
Management Roles
 Interpersonal Management Roles
1. Figurehead- the manager performs social,
inspirational, legal and ceremonial duties.
2. Leader- the leader role is at the heart of
the manager-subordinate relationship and
managerial power.
 Interpersonal Management Roles
3. Liaison- the manager is an information
and communication center
 Information Management Roles
1. Monitor- As a monitor, the manager seeks
and receives information from various
sources to evaluate the organization’s
performance, well-being and situation.
 Information Management Roles
2. Disseminator- As a Disseminator, the
manager communicates external information
to the organizations and facilitates
information exchange between
subordinates.
 Information Management Roles
3. Spokesperson- As a spokesperson, the
manager relays information to other groups
and entities outside the company.
 Decisional Management Roles
1. Entrepreneur- As an entrepreneur, the
manager designs and initiates new
opportunities for the company.
2. Disturbance Handler- Disturbances mar
arise from certain actions of the staff,
unexpected changes in resources and
external threats.
 Decisional Management Roles
3. Resource Allocator- As a resource
allocator, the manager oversees and controls
resource allocation by evaluating major
decisions involving resources.
 Decisional Management Roles
4. Negotiator- As a negotiator, the manager
takes charge of communicating and
negotiating with other organizations and
even among the members of the company.
Management Skills
1. Conceptual Skills

2. Human Skills
3. Technical Skills
The Race of
Leaders
This activity
encourages
leadership
behaviors.
I will read leadership qualities
statements out loud, and you
take a step forward if you
believe that the statement
describes you.
Honesty and
integrity
confidence
Inspire others
Commitment and
passion
Good
communicator
Decision making
capabilities
accountability
Delegation and
empowerment
Creativity and
innovation
Empathy
To become a good leader, you
must have all these qualities but if
you lack some of these qualities,
then you might struggle to make
the mark in the world of
leadership.
You will have to set a good
example for others to follow. That
is where your commitment,
passion, empathy, honesty and
integrity come into play.
Good communication skills and decision-
making capabilities also play a vital role in
success and failure of a leader. Lastly,
innovation and creative thinking, as well
as the futuristic vision, are a couple of key
traits which make a leader stand out.
Manager or Leader?
Even though in the corporate
world the terms manager or
leader are used interchangeably,
these are very distinct roles.
Small groups of managers work together
to create two tables, one titled ‘leader’
and one titled ‘manager’. In each table,
the group writes statements describing
either management behavior or
leadership behavior.
For example, the ‘manager’ table may
contain statements such as “schedules
work to be done” or “delegates tasks”.
On the other hand, statements at the
‘leader’ table could be “motivating
staff” and “creating culture”.
The Firm and
Its
Environment
The Firm and its Environment
The business environment may be classified into two types:

• EXTERNAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
• INTERNAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
The SPECIFIC EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
includes: Microenvironment

• Stakeholders
• Customers
• Pressure Groups
• Investors
• Suppliers
• Competitors
The GENERAL EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
includes: Macroenvironment

• Economic
• Socio-cultural
• Politico-legal
• Demographic
• Technological
• World and ecological situation
A successful business understands the
changes in its external environment to take
advantage of opportunities provided by
these changes. Companies gather
information on the external environment
by conducting environmental scanning and
strategic analysis.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

• Involves the seeking for and sorting through data about

the organization’s environment.
• Is a process of gathering, analyzing, and dispensing
information for tactical or strategic purposes.
• It is monitoring and interpreting sweep of social, political,
economic, ecological, and technological events to spot
budding trends that could eventually impact industry
COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
• The development of a competitive mindset
• Considering of future business scenarios
• Business prediction/forecasting
• Benchmarking
• The process of measuring or comparing one’s own
products services and practices with those of the recognized
industry leaders in order to identify areas for improvement
MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

 Ad hoc environmental scanning

applicable only during a crisis
situation. To determine if the
problem is either external or
internal.
MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

Regular scanning usually

done at least once a year,
or at regular intervals.
MODELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

 Continuous scanning continuous collection

of data on a broad range of environmental
factors. Continuous learning to monitor
the components of an organization’s
internal environment.
Strategic Planning: SWOT
and PEST Analysis
Strategic Planning
A systematic process of envisioning a
desired future, translating this vision
into broadly defined goals or objectives
and a sequence of steps to achieve
them.
SWOT Analysis
a study undertaken by an organization
to identify its internal strengths and
weaknesses, as well as its external
opportunities and threats.
SWOT
ANALYSIS
ACTIVITY:
MAKE A
SWOT
ANALYSIS
FOR
Pest Analysis
Analyzing social factors can also
help a company implement
changes and improvements in its
operations, products and
services.
One major similarity
between the two
techniques is their focus
on aspects of external
environment.
Workbook
Business Vocabulary. Page 56
Nos. 2-10

Homework – 1 whole paper

Manager in Action, Page 56-57
Nos 1-4
Seatwork #3: 1 Whole
Discuss briefly the following: 3-5 sentences. 3 Points each

1.Microenvironment and Macroenvironment

2.Environmental Scanning
3.SWOT Analysis
4.PEST Analysis
5.Benefits of strategic planning
The Local and
International
Business
The Philippine BPO industry is considered as a “sunrise
industry,” a leading source of economic growth and
improvement in the overall standard of living. The BPO
industry is often cited for creating jobs and for bringing
substantial revenues into the country. It also supports the
expansion of economic development in areas outside of the
National Capital Region (NCR). At the same time, however,
the BPO industry leads to the evolution of a new working
class with unique challenges and opportunities.
Now let’s talk about Local
Business ENVIRONMENT ..
The Philippine business environment is
influenced by a lot of factors both in
micro and macro environment
WEATHER
CULTURE
The International
Business Environment.
ECONOMY
I
N
C
O
M
E
S
A
O C L
I
Development in the global economy are
influenced by changes in two significant
aspects:

1.Capacity to produce or
manufacture.
Development in the global economy are
influenced by changes in two significant
aspects:

2. Capacity to distribute and

transport.
1500-1780
•Trade relations with other
countries and colonies.
•Methods of production
remained unchanged.
1780-1880
1880-1970
FORDIZE became popular.

“to standardize a product and

manufacture it by mass means at a
price so low that the common man
can afford to buy it”
1970-2010
2010-Present
My Dream Business
Objective: The project aims to help the students
to be optimistic on dreaming their own business
in the future. It also aims to promote student’s
creativity and resourcefulness by creating a
unique and artistic representation of their dream
business. Through this activity the students will
be able to understand the importance of
management and the roles of management in
establishing a business.
Materials:
1/8 Illustration board
Coloring materials
Any art materials for designing the
project
 Criteria Description
Appropriateness They must embody and convey a feeling that represents the nature of the industry at large.
30%
They must distinguish and separate the individual company from the competition. An
Distinctive appropriate look that does not draw attention to the unique qualities of the business it
20% represents only serves to support the industry.
In general, pleasing aesthetics serve any business well. However, the qualities that attract
Attractive the target consumer may not always overlap with conventional standards of attractiveness,
20% and so “attracting” may occasionally take precedence over “attractive.”

If letters and words are involved, the consumer must be able to decipher them. But the
same is true for pictorial, symbolic, and abstract images. The image must not only portray
Readable / what the designer and client intended, but every effort must be made to not convey any
Understandable unintended ideas as well. A word of caution: the more abstract a logo is, the more it is like
20% a Rorschach test. And it’s very hard to predict what every viewer will see

A logo must perform with equal strength and effectiveness in each of the numerous places
it will be used. It must work on the side of the company truck and the business card. It
must retain its integrity in crowded environments of competing graphics and colorful
Functional distractions. It must work in one color printing and on low-definition TV screens and
10% computer monitors. These extreme and varied demands usually call for simplicity in design.
 
 Criteria Description
Business profile should be complete includes the business
name, the definition or explanation of business logo, about
the product or services and the purpose of the
product/services offered, the target market/customers. It
also includes how the business began and the business
Completeness vision and values.
50%

Creativity Quality of artistic composition and overall design.

25%
Concerns how well the project is created and includes
Neatness & Over-all quality features such as neatness, spelling accuracy, and overall
25% quality.
Workbook #4
Learning Task, page 68-69
Quiz #2 – July 26, 2019
Environmental Scanning
Local & International Business.
The Business
Organization
Forms of Business Organizations
 Assets
VS
Liabilities
Single tax payer and assigned a
single tax identification number
(TIN)
Apply for a business trade name
and register the business with the
Department of Trade & Industry
Advantages and
Disadvantages
of a Sole
Proprietorship
Advantages and
Disadvantages
of a Partnership
Advantages and
Disadvantages
of a Corporation
Classification of
Businesses
Perspectives
on
Ethics
 UNIVERSALISM
The most important concepts of what is right and
wrong are universal and transcend culture, society and
religion.
Results in a set of universal ethical standards that
apply to all members of all societies, all companies and all
businesspeople.
Honesty, respect and cooperation. Requires every
person to reenact these values at all times.
Cultural Dimension
• Unites employees and cultural aspects
such as language, rituals, behavioral
patterns, and beliefs from the
framework that determines the manner
by which people relate with one
another.
Interpersonal Dimension
• Focuses on the relationship among the
people. Important relationship that
impact the organization include family
relation, civic life and work relations.
Organizational Dimension

• Consider the main purposes of the

business, the economic and financial
purposes, managerial purposes and civic
purpose.
Social Dimension

• Organization as actively engaging with

society. The business must be seen as a
significant element in its community.
Natural Dimension
• How the organization relates to the
nature. Managers should consider how
their business operations and activities
impact the environment.
Seatwork #4

Learning Task
Business Vocabulary
page 79 & page 88
Group Activity #3
PUZZLE
First Group – 5 Points
Second Group – 4 Points
Third Group – 3 Points
From the PUZZLE, think any
problem and possible
solutions to solve the problem.
Discuss the problem and
solutions in class.
PLANNING AND DECISION
MAKING
GRAPHIC
DIRECTIONAL
FOCUSED
FLEXIBLE
FEASIBLE
DESIRABLE
 EASY TO
COMMUNICATE
The purpose of this Crisis
Management Plan (CMP) is to
prevent or reduce loss in
a crisis situation. It is designed to
assist in effectively and
efficiently managing the effects of
a crisis and recovering from it.
The Planning Process
1. Formulation of goals and
objectives of the
2. Identification
appropriate courses of
action
 3. Assignment of
responsibilities and
4. Documentation
distribution of the plan to
the people concerned.
5. Review of the plan
Decision Making
and the
Common Types of
Decision Models
A cognitive bias is a systematic
error in thinking that affects
the decisions and judgements
that people make. Some of
these biases are related to
memory. 
Group Activity #3
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
May Maxine Alecs
Kurt Bon Nickert
Lovely
Prepare 1 manila
paper, marker,
colored papers.
Each group will discuss and
create advocacy, on how you
are going to promote the
assigned decision making
model to your group.
Group 1 – KT Matrix Model

Group 2 – VYJ Decision Model

Group 3 – OODA Loop Model

GROUP 1
GROUP 2
GROUP
3
Workbook #5
Learning Tasks, pages 117-119
A&B
Homework #4 (1 Whole)
Manager in Action, page 119-120
NATURE AND STRUCTURES
OF ORGANIZATIONS
A manager performs the
organizing function based on the
following steps.
•Essential activities are identified.
•Related activities or tasks are
group into department or units
Identification of
Activities

Departmentalization

Definition of Authority

Integration of Authority
and Responsibility
Configurations and Elements
of Organizational Structure
Multi-focused Grouping
Combines both the functional and
divisional structures in organizing
the company. An example of multi-
focused grouping design is the
matrix structure.
Functional matrix – organizes the
company in a way that gives
functional managers primary
authority.
Product matrix – assigns greater
authority to the product managers.
 Horizontal Grouping
Eliminates the complexities of
hierarchies and divisions. Employees
are organized into general core
processes or operations and all
departments in the company work
together in all task.
 Virtual Network Grouping
Company is structured as a group of
departments that are loosely connected
through electronic means. Technology is
used in sharing information, completing
task, and communicating.
Other Types of Organizations
In 1989, Henry Mintzberg
expanded the classification of
organizations into a more
detailed list of types.
Pointers to Review – Midterm Exam

Nature and Concept of Management

The Firm and It’s Environment
Planning and Decision Making
Nature and Structure of Organization