UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO
MICROCONTROLLER
RECALL
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESSOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROCESSOR
INTRODUCTION OF MICROPROCESSOR
WORKING PRINCILPLE OF MICROPROCESSOR
BUS STRUCTURE OF MICROPROCESSOR
MICROCOMPUTER
FEATURES OF MICROPROCESSOR
TODAY WE ARE GOING TO LEARN ABOUT ………
EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR
Microcontroller , its block
diagram and features
Microcontroller VS
Microprocessor
1.2 EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR
First Generation:
First generation of microprocessor was introduced by Intel from 1971 – 1972. It was 4 bit
processor with the operating frequency of 108 Khz.
Those types of microprocessors are capable only to processed in serially of all instructions.
They have been done their process cycle in three steps like as fetched, decoded and then
executed.
The First Microprocessor
Examples are:
was introduced by Intel
INTEL 4004Rockwell
in Year of 1971 is MP
PPS-4 INTEL 8008
Intel4004 was a 4 bit
processor.
Second Generation Microprocessor
Second generation microprocessor was designed in 1973-1978
with 8 bit processor.
In those microprocessors, used various transistors on the
integrated circuit.
There are three steps for processing the instructions like as
overlapped fetch, decode and execute.
Second generation microprocessor is five time increase to first generation in
different area like as in instruction, speed, execution and higher chip densities
Examples are:
MC68000 Motorola
microprocessor
Intel 8080
INTEL 8085
Motorola 6800 and 6801
Third Generation Microprocessor
Third generation microprocessor was developed in 1978 along with 16 bit processor. This
processor is more useful for minicomputer.
Examples are:
MC68020
Intel’s 8086
Zilog Z8000
Fourth Generation Microprocessor
Four generation microprocessor was introduced from 1981 to 1995 with 32
bit processor.
Those types of microprocessor are able to process couples of instruction in
per clock cycle.
Examples are:
Motorola’s 88100
Intel’s 80960CA
INTEL 80386
Mororola 68020
N –bit Processor= N- bit word length= N data lines
Fifth Generation Microprocessor
Fifth generation microprocessor had been come from 1995 along with 64
bit processor.
In this microprocessor, have been embedded 10 million transistors.
Examples are:
PENTIUM
Celeron
Dual, quad and octa core processors
LIST OF IMPORTANT MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor Year of Word Length Memory addressing Pins Clock Remarks
Invention Capacity
4004 1971 4-bit 1 KB 16 750 KHz First Microprocessor
8085 1976 8-bit 64 KB 40 3-6 MHz Popular 8-bit Microprocessor
8086 1978 16-bit 1MB 40 5-8 MHz Widely used in PC/XT
80286 1982 16-bit 16MB real, 4 GB 68 6-12.5 MHz Widely used in PC/AT
virtual
80386 1985 32-bit 4GB real, 64TB 132 20-33 MHz Contains MMU on chip
virtual
80486 1989 32-bit 4GB real, 64TB 168 17X17 25-100 MHz Contains MMU, cache and FPU, 1.2 million
virtual PGA transistors
Pentium 1993 32-bit 4GB real,32-bit 237 PGA 60-200 Contains 2 ALUs,2 Caches, FPU, 3.3 Million
address,64-bit transistors, 3.3 V, 7.5 million transistors
data bus
Pentium Pro 1995 32-bit 64GB real, 36- 387 PGA 150-200 MHz It is a data flow processor. It contains
bit address bus second level cache also,3.3 V
Pentium II 1997 32-bit - - 233-400 MHz All features Pentium pro plus MMX
technology,3.3 V, 7.5 million transistors
Pentium III 1999 32-bit 64GB 370 PGA 600-1.3 MHz Improved version of Pentium II
Pentium 4 2000 32-bit 64GB 423 PGA 600-1.3 GHz Improved version of Pentium III
Itanium 2001 64-bit 64 address lines 423 PGA 733 MHz-1.3 64-bit EPIC Processor
GHz
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROCONTROLLER
MICRO + CONTROLLER
Integrated Chip Device which is used to perform
a control task or dedicated task
13
Cont...
• A Microcontroller is a Single chip Computer OR
System on Chip.
14
A Microcontroller has a on chip CPU together with memory
and peripherals like
Memory(RAM/ROM)
Timer
Input / Output ports
Serial communication etc.
CPU RAM ROM
I/O SERIAL
TIMER
PORTS COMM
15
Microcontroller
• A micro controller MCU is small sized computer assembled on single
chip which is used to perform a dedicated task or a specific task.
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MICROCONTROLLER FAMILY:
INTRODUCTION TO 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER:
8051 microcontroller is an 8-bit microcontroller created in 1981 by Intel Corporation. It
has an 8-bit processor that simply means that it operates on 8-bit data at a time. It is
among the most popular and commonly used microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051:
FEATURES OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER:
8 bit MCU
128 byte of RAM
4Kbytes of on Chip ROM
8 bit Bidirectional data bus
16 bit uni directional address bus
32 general purpose register
Two 16 bit Timer can operate in multiple mode.
Feature Cont.…
32 I/O pins categorized in 4 different equal size (8 bit each) ports
named as PORT 0, PORT 1,PORT 2 and PORT 3.
6 interrupt sources (2 external, 3 internal & Reset).
Operating on crystal oscillator frequency of 11.0592 MHz.
One on chip serial communication port.
Comparison of 8051 family members:
1.5 Comparison of Microprocessor and Microcontroller
MICROPROCESSOR
MICROCONTROLLER
(SYSTEM ON CHIP)
THANKS
