Frequency Distribution Table

A Frequency Distribution is a tabulation or grouping of data into appropriate

categories showing the number of observations in each group or category.
Consider the given data below which show the scores of 60 students in a statistics
test.
5 13 8 6 13 10 5 13 15 16
8 12 15 10 12 16 12 9 3 7
11 15 11 7 15 2 12 5 9 12
13 9 12 9 9 14 12 11 20 13
16 18 3 13 18 10 15 14 18 11
10 12 6 9 5 17 9 6 9 18

The numbers shown above are called raw data

Parts of Frequency Distribution Table

 Class limits – Groupings or categories defined by lower and upper limits

example: 26 – 30
21 – 25
16 - 20
Lower class limits are the smallest numbers that belong to the different classes
Upper class limits are the highest numbers that belong to the different classes
 Class Size – width of each class
26 – 30
21 – 25 class size 5
16 - 20
 Class Boundaries – are the numbers used to separate class but without gaps
created by class limits. The number to be added or subtracted is half the
difference between the upper limit of one class and the lower limit of the
preceding class.
example: C.I. C.B.
L.L U.L. L.C.B U.C.B
26 – 30 25.5 - 30.5
21 – 25 20.5 - 25.5
16 - 20 15.5 - 20.5
 Class Marks – are the mid points of the classes. They can be found by adding
the lower and upper limits and then divide by 2.
C.I. Class mark (x)
26 – 30 28
21 – 25 23
16 – 20 18
Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table
 Find the range of the values
Range = highest value – lowest value
example: base on the given raw data
R = 20 – 2
R = 18
 Determine the class width by dividing the range by the desired number of groupings. The class size is
the width of each class interval
C= range . or range .
desire number of class interval k
where k = 1 + 3.3 log n
n = (number of scores/observations)
Thus, or 3
 Set up the class limits of each class. The limits of each class are defined by a lower limit and an upper
limit.to determine the constructing classes with the class width, the highest observation should be
part of the highest class interval.
 Set up class boundaries. The class boundaries or the true limits of a class is defined by a lower class
boundary and an upper class boundary. This is obtained by getting the midpoint of the lower class
limits of adjacent classes.
 Tally the scores in the appropriate classes and then add the tallies for each class in order to obtain
the frequency.
 Solve the class mark or midpoint (x) of each class. This is obtained by adding the lower class limit and
the upper class limit, then divide by 2

example: Class Limits Frequency Class mark Class Boundaries

19 - 21 1 20 18.5 - 21.5
16 - 18 8 17 15.5 - 18.5
13 - 15 14 14 12.5 - 15.5
10 - 12 16 11 9.5 - 12.5
7 - 9 12 8 6.5 - 9.5
4 - 6 7 5 3.5 - 6.5
1 - 3 2 2 0.5 - 3.5
 Cumulative Frequency
The less than cumulative frequency is obtained by adding successively from the lowest to the
highest interval while the more than cumulative frequency is obtained by adding frequencies from
highest class interval to the lowest class interval.

Class Limits Frequency Class mark Class Boundaries <cf >cf

19 - 21 1 20 18.5 - 21.5 60 1
16 - 18 8 17 15.5 - 18.5 59 9
13 - 15 14 14 12.5 - 15.5 51 23
10 - 12 16 11 9.5 - 12.5 37 39
7 - 9 12 8 6.5 - 9.5 21 51
4 - 6 7 5 3.5 - 6.5 9 58
1 - 3 2 2 0.5 - 3.5 2 60
 Scores f x LB UB <cf fx
19 - 21 1 20 18.5 21.5 60 20
16 - 18 8 17 15.5 18.5 59 136
13 - 15 14 14 12.5 15.5 51 196
10 - 12 16 11 9.5 12.5 37 176
7 - 9 12 8 6.5 9.5 21 96
4 - 6 7 5 3.5 6.5 9 35
1 - 3 2 2 0.5 3.5 2 4
Total 60 663

Computing for the mean for grouped data

where: = mean
f = number of observations in a class
x = midpoint or classmark of a class
n = total frequency in the sample distribution
 Scores f x LB UB <cf fx
19 - 21 1 20 18.5 21.5 60 20
16 - 18 8 17 15.5 18.5 59 136
13 - 15 14 14 12.5 15.5 51 196
10 - 12 16 11 9.5 12.5 37 176
7 - 9 12 8 6.5 9.5 21 96
4 - 6 7 5 3.5 6.5 9 35
1 - 3 2 2 0.5 3.5 2 4
Total 60 663
Computing for the median for grouped data
where: = median
LB = Lower Boundary
= Cumulative frequency for the class interval preceding the median class
n = total frequency in the sample distribution
fmd = frequency of the median class
c = class size or class interval

= 11.19
 Scores f x LB UB <cf fx
19 - 21 1 20 18.5 21.5 60 20
16 - 18 8 17 15.5 18.5 59 136
13 - 15 14
𝑑2 14 12.5 15.5 51 196
10 - 12 16 11 9.5 12.5 37 176
7 - 9 12
𝑑1 8 6.5 9.5 21 96
4 - 6 7 5 3.5 6.5 9 35
1 - 3 2 2 0.5 3.5 2 4
Total 60 663

Computing for the mode for grouped data

where: = mode
LB = Lower Boundary
= Difference between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency of the class
lower than the modal class
= Difference between the frequency of the modal class and the frequency of the class
higher than the modal class
c = class size or class interval

= 14