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Lecture#4 (Design Algo Week 5)

The document discusses insertion sort, an algorithm that builds a sorted array one item at a time by taking unsorted items and inserting them into the correct position in a sorted sub-list. It provides details on how insertion sort works, its time and space complexity, and examples of applying it to sort arrays. Code is given for an insertion sort function in Python. The document also asks the reader to apply selection, insertion, and bubble sort to sample arrays.

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Malik Atif
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13 views17 pages

Lecture#4 (Design Algo Week 5)

The document discusses insertion sort, an algorithm that builds a sorted array one item at a time by taking unsorted items and inserting them into the correct position in a sorted sub-list. It provides details on how insertion sort works, its time and space complexity, and examples of applying it to sort arrays. Code is given for an insertion sort function in Python. The document also asks the reader to apply selection, insertion, and bubble sort to sample arrays.

Uploaded by

Malik Atif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design and Analysis of

Algorithm
WEEK 5
Real life scenario
Insertion sort
 Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array
one item at a time by comparisons.
 It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as
quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort.
 Why is it called insertion sort?
 An element which is to be inserted in this sorted sub-list, has to find its
appropriate place and then it has to be inserted there. Hence the name,
insertion sort.
 The array is searched sequentially and unsorted items are moved and inserted
into the sorted sub-list (in the same array).
Algorithm
 Insertion Algorithms: Steps on how it works:
 If it is the first element, it is already sorted.
 Pick the next element.
 Compare with all the elements in sorted sub-list.
 Shift all the elements in sorted sub-list that is greater than the value to be
sorted.
 Insert the value.
 Repeat until list is sorted
Complexity
 Worst complexity: n^2
 Average complexity: n^2
 Best complexity: n
 Space complexity: 1
 Method: Insertion
 Stable: Yes
 Class: Comparison sort
Example
 Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works similar to the way
you sort playing cards in your hands.
 The array is virtually split into a sorted and an unsorted part.
 Values from the unsorted part are picked and placed at the correct position
in the sorted part.
Now sort the following according to
Selection sort:

19 34 11 1 49 21 41
Now sort the following according to
Selection sort:

83 91 4 52 95 71 36
Now sort the following according to
Selection sort:

526 548 451 999 549 61 991 446


 # Insertion sort in Python
 def insertionSort(array):
 for step in range(1, len(array)):
 key = array[step]
 j = step - 1
 # Compare key with each element on the left of it until an element smaller than it is found
 # For descending order, change key<array[j] to key>array[j].
 while j >= 0 and key < array[j]:
 array[j + 1] = array[j]
 j=j-1
 # Place key at after the element just smaller than it.
 array[j + 1] = key
 data = [9, 5, 1, 4, 3]
 insertionSort(data)
 print('Sorted Array in Ascending Order:')
 print(data)
Now sort the following according to
Selection, Insertion & Bubble sort:

54 49 37 4 85 24 18

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