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    Taxonomy

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    Krezia Mae Solomon
    This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus developed the current hierarchical classification system that organizes all living things into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. The key points covered are: - Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into a logical system to organize diversity of life. - Linnaeus developed the system still used today of binomial nomenclature, giving each species a two-part scientific name. - There are six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Eubacteria - which are further divided into taxa of phylum, class

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    Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    Krezia Mae Solomon
    453 views56 pages
    This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus developed the current hierarchical classification system that organizes all living things into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. The key points covered are: - Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into a logical system to organize diversity of life. - Linnaeus developed the system still used today of binomial nomenclature, giving each species a two-part scientific name. - There are six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Eubacteria - which are further divided into taxa of phylum, class

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    This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus developed the current hierarchical classification system that organizes all living things into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. The key points covered are: - Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into a logical system to organize diversity of life. - Linnaeus developed the system still used today of binomial nomenclature, giving each species a two-part scientific name. - There are six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Eubacteria - which are further divided into taxa of phylum, class

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    453 views56 pages

    Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    Krezia Mae Solomon
    This document provides an overview of biological classification and taxonomy. It discusses how Carolus Linnaeus developed the current hierarchical classification system that organizes all living things into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. The key points covered are: - Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into a logical system to organize diversity of life. - Linnaeus developed the system still used today of binomial nomenclature, giving each species a two-part scientific name. - There are six kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Eubacteria - which are further divided into taxa of phylum, class

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 56

    Classification

    & Taxonomy

    Essential Question: How is the


    diversity of life classified and
    named?
    Who are YOU???
    What do YOU call this animal?
    Basic Definitions

    • Classification

    • Taxonomy
    Why classify organisms?
    1. To organize the diversity
    of life

    2. To help us know what


    organism we are referring
    to
    Who developed our current
    classification system, and what
    is it?
    • Carolus Linneaus
    Levels of Classification
    Kingdom (6)

    Phylum

    Class

    Order

    Family

    Genus

    Species
    Linnaean System of Classification

    • Each level is called a taxon

    • Smallest taxon is the species


    • Species ~ only level where
    organisms interbreed
    Example
    There are 6 Kingdoms
    Kingdom Animalia
    • Multicellular
    • Eukaryotic
    • Heterotrophic
    • No cell walls
    • Reproduces sexually
    by meiosis.
    • All animals have
    some type of
    symmetry
    Kingdom Plantae
    • Multicellular
    • Eukaryotic
    • Autotrophic
    • Can reproduce both
    ways.
    • Cell walls made of
    cellulose.
    • All but a few are land
    dwellers. 350,000 species
    • Including:mosses, ferns,
    conifers, flower plants
    Kingdom Fungi
    • Unicellular or multicellular
    • Eukaryotic
    • Heterotrophic
    • Cells walls made of chitin.
    • Reproduces - asexually
    • 100,000 species
    • Including: toadstools,
    mushrooms, puffballs,
    rusts or smut
    Kingdom Protista
    • Unicellular or multicellular
    • Eukaryotic
    • Cell walls made of varying
    materials
    • Autotroph or heterotroph
    • About 50,000 species
    • Reproduces-asexually
    • Examples include:
    • Euglena
    • Amoeba
    Kingdom Eubacteria
    • Unicellular, prokaryote
    • Either autotroph or
    heterotroph
    • Cell walls made of
    peptidoglycan
    • Reproduces by binary
    fission
    • Includes common bacteria:
    tooth decay, yogurt
    production, food poisoning
    • AKA–Kingdom Moneran
    Kingdom Archaebacteria
    • Unicellular, Prokaryote
    • Either autotroph or
    heterotroph
    • Cell walls made of
    peptidoglycan
    • Reproduces by binary
    fission
    • Lives in Harsh
    environments: salty lakes,
    hot springs, anaerobic
    environments
    • AKA–Kingdom Moneran
    How do we name organisms?

    • Each organism is given a two-part


    scientific name using only the Genus
    and species names

    • binomial nomenclature
    Why do we use Scientific Names?

    • South America – gato monte


    • North US - puma
    • South US – mountain lion
    • Florida - panther

    • Scientific Name – Felis concolor


    3 Rules for writing
    Scientific Names
    • 1) First letter of genus – ALWAYS
    CAPATILIZED
    • 2) First letter of species – never
    capitalized
    • 3) Scientific names are italicized
    (if typed) or underlined if hand
    written
    Examples
    • Ursus maritimus
    • Ursus arctos
    • Genus-Ursus = bear
    • Species-maritimus =
    sea
    • Species-arctos =
    grizzly
    Which of these are written
    correctly?
    1. Viola tricolor (pansy with 3-colored
    flower)
    2. Quercus phellos (Willow Oak)
    3. Nymphaea ordata (fragrant water
    lily)
    4. Clostridium Botulinum (bacteria that
    causes a form of food poisoning)
    5. homo sapiens
    Which of these are written
    correctly?
    1. Viola tricolor (pansy with 3-colored
    flower)
    2. Quercus phellos (Willow Oak)
    3. Nymphaea ordata (fragrant water
    lily)
    4. Clostridium Botulinum (bacteria that
    causes a form of food poisoning)
    5. homo sapiens
    2 Rules for assigning scientific
    names

    • 1) All scientific names must be Latin


    words/terms
    • 2) NO two organisms can have the same
    scientific name
    Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert Coral snake Sea star
    squirrel

    KINGDOM Animalia

    PHYLUM Chordata

    CLASS Mammalia

    ORDER Carnivora

    FAMILY Ursidae

    GENUS Ursus

    SPECIES Ursus arctos


    In review…
    • Kingdom • King Kings
    • Phylum • Philip Play
    • Class • Came Chess
    • Order • Over On
    • Family • For Fuzzy
    • Genus • Good Green
    • Species • Soup Stools
    Questions???
    CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False

    1) Biologists use a
    classification system
    to name organisms
    and group them in a
    logical manner.

    TRUE
    CONCEPT REVIEW: Multiple Choice

    The science that


    specializes in the
    classification of
    organisms is
    A) anatomy
    B) taxonomy
    C) botany
    D) biology
    CONCEPT REVIEW: Multiple Choice

    The science that


    specializes in the
    classification of
    organisms is
    A) anatomy
    B) taxonomy
    C) botany
    D) biology
    CONCEPT REVIEW: Multiple Choice
    The largest most
    inclusive of Linnaeus’s
    taxonomic categories
    is the

    A) kingdom
    B) phylum
    C) order
    D) species
    CONCEPT REVIEW: Multiple Choice
    The largest most
    inclusive of Linnaeus’s
    taxonomic categories
    is the

    A) kingdom
    B) phylum
    C) order
    D) species
    The Tree of Life has been
    updated since Linnaeus’s time
    • Scientists now
    classify
    organisms into an
    even broader
    category, called
    the domain,
    above the
    kingdom level
    3 Domains: Archaea, Bacteria &
    Eukarya
    DOMAIN
    ARCHAEA

    DOMAIN
    EUKARYA

    Eubacteria
    DOMAIN Archaebacteria
    BACTERIA Protista
    Plantae
    Fungi
    Animalia
    Three Domains: Six Kingdoms
    • Eukarya • Bacteria • Archea
    – Animal – Eubacteria – Archeabacteria
    – Plant • Peptidoglycan • No
    in the cell peptidoglycan
    – Fungi walls in the cell walls
    – Protista
    Prokaryotic Prokaryotic
    All have single celled single celled
    organisms organisms organisms that
    made of live in extreme
    eukaryotic environments
    cells
    Identifying organisms using a
    dichotomous key

    • a key used to identify an organism
    • each stage presents descriptions of two distinguishing
    characters, with a direction to another stage in the key,
    until the species is identified
    Classification Lab
    Classification Today
    • Diagrams depicting evolutionary
    relationships based on molecular
    evidence.

    • Phylogeny
    • Cladogram
    Reading a cladogram/phylogeny
    • Each branch
    represents an
    evolutionary lineage
    • X-axis is
    evolutionary
    distance from each
    other and the y-axis
    is relative time
    • Intersecting lines
    represent a
    speciation event
    Practice Problems
    Your turn
    To be successful
    today…
    1) Pick up graded work (1)

    2) Turn in cladogram analysis & cladogram cut and


    paste

    BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put


    away in backpacks
    Dichotomous Key
    What’s in the Bag?
    Importance of Taxonomy
    Fight tumors

    Zebra mussel

    Orange oil
    Pine sol

    Kudzu vine
    How would dogs or cats be classified?

    • What defines a species?

    • Term breed
    Where are YOU???

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