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    ENERGY

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    Clark Kent
    The document discusses key topics related to energy including its sources, production, distribution, consumption, and its relationship to chemistry. It defines energy as the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy from interactions between objects. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another like chemical to thermal energy.

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    ENERGY

    Uploaded by

    Clark Kent
    6 views16 pages
    The document discusses key topics related to energy including its sources, production, distribution, consumption, and its relationship to chemistry. It defines energy as the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy from interactions between objects. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another like chemical to thermal energy.

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    The document discusses key topics related to energy including its sources, production, distribution, consumption, and its relationship to chemistry. It defines energy as the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy from interactions between objects. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another like chemical to thermal energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views16 pages

    ENERGY

    Uploaded by

    Clark Kent
    The document discusses key topics related to energy including its sources, production, distribution, consumption, and its relationship to chemistry. It defines energy as the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is stored energy from interactions between objects. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another like chemical to thermal energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    ENERGY

    Issues surrounding energy:


    • sources
    • production,
    • distribution, and
    • consumption
    How chemistry is used to produce energy:
    • The combustion of gasoline,
    • the production of electricity from coal,
    • the heating of homes by natural gas, and
    • the use of batteries to power electronic devices
    • Even solar cells, rely on chemistry to produce the silicon and
    other materials that convert solar energy directly to electricity.
    • chemical reactions provide the energy that sustains living
    systems. Plants use solar energy to carry out photosynthesis,
    allowing them to grow.
    • The plants in turn provide food from which humans derive the
    energy needed to move, maintain body temperature, and carry
    out all other bodily functions.
    Energy is intimately related to chemistry. What exactly is
    energy and what principles are involved in its production,
    consumption, and transformation from one form to
    another?
    The study of energy and its transformations is known as
    thermodynamics.

    (Greek: thérme-, “heat”; dy’namis, “power”)


    What is Energy?
    • Energy is the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

    • Work is the energy used to cause an object to move


    against a force, and heat is the energy used to
    cause the temperature of an object to increase.
    How matter can possess energy?

    How that energy can be transferred from one piece of matter


    to another?
    Energy Transformation: Kinetic Energy and Potential
    Energy
     Kinetic energy, the energy of motion, Ek,of an object depends on its
    mass, m, and speed, v:

     Potential energy is, in essence, the “stored” energy that arises from
    the attractions and repulsions an object experiences in relation to
    other objects.
     One of the most important forms of potential energy in chemistry is
    electrostatic potential energy, Eel, which arises from the interactions
    between charged particles.

     This energy is proportional to the electrical charges on the two


    interacting objects, Q1 and Q2, and inversely proportional to the
    distance, d, separating them:
     At the molecular level, the electrical charges Q1 and Q2 are typically
    on the order of magnitude of the charge of the electron 1.60 x10-19
    C2.

     The equation shows that the electrostatic potential energy goes to


    zero as d becomes infinite. Thus, the zero of electrostatic potential
    energy is defined as infinite separation of the charged particles.

     How Eel behaves as the distance between two charges changes?


     Many substances—fuels, for example—release energy when they
    react. The chemical energy of a fuel is due to the potential energy
    stored in the arrangements of its atoms.

     Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy, energy associated


    with temperature.
    Units of Energy

    Joule (J) 1 J = 1 kg*m2/s2

    Calorie (cal) 1 cal = 4.184 J

    British Thermal Unit 1 Btu = 1055 J


    The Law of Conservation of Energy
     When energy is converted from one form to the other, it is
    conserved, not destroyed.

     Energy is often converted from one form to another during


    transfers.
    For example:
     Burning of gasoline in a car engine the reaction releases energy that
    is transferred as heat and work.
     The heat warms the car parts.

     The work is done when mechanical energy turns the car's wheels and
    belts.
     That energy is converted into the electrical energy of the sound
    system, the radiant energy of the headlights, the chemical energy of
    the battery, and so forth.
     The sum of all these forms equals the change in energy
    between reactants and products as the gasoline is burned.
     Thus, energy changes form but does not simply appear or
    disappear - energy cannot be created or destroyed.
     In another way, energy is conserved: the total energy of the
    system plus the surroundings remains constant - Law of
    conservation of energy.

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