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    Week 5

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    maryam arshad
    Here is a 198-word summary on ethical theory that can be applied to analyze issues related to big data analytics: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. When analyzing big data, companies should consider how to maximize benefits to users while minimizing potential harms like privacy breaches or unfair discrimination. Failing to properly secure user data could result in identity theft or financial loss, while improper use of personal data could unfairly disadvantage certain groups. Deontology focuses on duties and rights. Companies have a duty to respect user privacy and obtain meaningful consent for data collection and use. They should avoid violating user privacy rights or discriminating based on personal attributes. Virtue ethics examines character. Companies should develop a culture of integrity,

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    Week 5

    Uploaded by

    maryam arshad
    28 views30 pages
    Here is a 198-word summary on ethical theory that can be applied to analyze issues related to big data analytics: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. When analyzing big data, companies should consider how to maximize benefits to users while minimizing potential harms like privacy breaches or unfair discrimination. Failing to properly secure user data could result in identity theft or financial loss, while improper use of personal data could unfairly disadvantage certain groups. Deontology focuses on duties and rights. Companies have a duty to respect user privacy and obtain meaningful consent for data collection and use. They should avoid violating user privacy rights or discriminating based on personal attributes. Virtue ethics examines character. Companies should develop a culture of integrity,

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    Here is a 198-word summary on ethical theory that can be applied to analyze issues related to big data analytics: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. When analyzing big data, companies should consider how to maximize benefits to users while minimizing potential harms like privacy breaches or unfair discrimination. Failing to properly secure user data could result in identity theft or financial loss, while improper use of personal data could unfairly disadvantage certain groups. Deontology focuses on duties and rights. Companies have a duty to respect user privacy and obtain meaningful consent for data collection and use. They should avoid violating user privacy rights or discriminating based on personal attributes. Virtue ethics examines character. Companies should develop a culture of integrity,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views30 pages

    Week 5

    Uploaded by

    maryam arshad
    Here is a 198-word summary on ethical theory that can be applied to analyze issues related to big data analytics: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. When analyzing big data, companies should consider how to maximize benefits to users while minimizing potential harms like privacy breaches or unfair discrimination. Failing to properly secure user data could result in identity theft or financial loss, while improper use of personal data could unfairly disadvantage certain groups. Deontology focuses on duties and rights. Companies have a duty to respect user privacy and obtain meaningful consent for data collection and use. They should avoid violating user privacy rights or discriminating based on personal attributes. Virtue ethics examines character. Companies should develop a culture of integrity,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Business Ethics

    Introduction of Module

    Business Ethics
    Lecturer(s):
    Module Code:
    Module level : Level
    Resources
    Core textbook
    • Crane, A. et al. (2019) Business ethics: managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of
    globalization. Fifth edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     
    Essential Resources 
    • Aristotle, (n.d.), Ethics. you can read this online at:
    https://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/aristotle/Ethics.pdf 
    • Kant, I. (n.d.) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. You can read this online at:
    http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/kant1785.pdf
    • Mill, J.S. (n.d.) Utilitarianism. You can read this online at: http://
    www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/mill1863.pdf

    Recommended Resources 
    • Ciulla, J. B. (2018) Honest work: a business ethics reader. Fourth edn. Edited by C. W. Martin and R. C.
    Solomon. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    • Fotaki, M., Islam, G. and Antoni, A. (eds) (2020) Business ethics and care in organizations. New York, NY:
    Routledge (Routledge studies in business ethics, 20). doi: 10.4324/9780429029943. 
    • Hoffman, W., Frederick, R., & Schwartz, M. (eds) 2014, Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate
    Morality. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
    • Rendtorff, J. D. (2019) Philosophy of management and sustainability: rethinking business ethics and social
    responsibility in sustainable development. First edn. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
    Introduction to the Module
    As you complete this module you will:

    • Learn to make use of philosophical tools to support


    thinking and analysis.
    • Develop confidence in identifying and describing potential
    ethical challenges.
    • Apply a number of theoretical frameworks to help
    examine and explore ethical dilemmas relating to
    business and management.
    • Explore some of the significant challenges that result from
    debates around sustainability, globalization and
    technological or digital developments.
    Week 5 – Business
    Ethics and Technology
    Topics For Todays Session

    business and technology ethics

    ethical issues arises from technological innovation

    Implication of data and privacy ethics

    Ethical use of Artificial intelligence, Ethical hacking and cybersecurity

    Analyzing online ethics and social media

    Ethical consideration of Big Data Analytics and other Emerging technologies


    such as virtual reality and internet of things.

    Ethical decision-making for technology-driven business.


    Learning Outcomes
    On successful completion of this module, a student
    will be able to:
    1. Select appropriate moral theory and
    philosophical tools to analyze specific business
    challenges.
    2. Apply a suitable moral theory to help analyze
    ethical issues related to technology
    3. Formulate and defend recommendations based
    on their theoretical and practical analysis of ethical
    issues created through technologies.
    Assessment
    • Assignment Deadlines and weight:
    Late
    Learning Sub Core or
    Component Form of Assessment Weighting
    outcomes non-
    number assessment size (%)
    assessed core

    1 Report 3,000 words 100 All Y Core


    Small Discussion
    What is you ideas and understanding on
    relationship between business
    technologies and ethics? Please raise
    your hand to answer
    Business, Ethics And Technologies

    Technology has become the new norm of


    the society. however, it has also become
    crucial for technologies to earn trust.

    It takes time for people to understand and


    address the related issues.

    One of the issue identified with the


    advancement of technologies is the
    ethics breach.
    Business And Technology
    Ethics
    • Companies need focus on ethical
    technologies
    • Ethical technologies is a term that
    emphasizes on development of values for
    adoption of technology in operations and
    corporate strategy.
    • The ethical issues increased with the
    development of technologies such as AI, big
    data, augmented reality and virtual reality.
    Defining Morality Ethics, Ethical Theories
    and technology
    Consequentialist theory emphasize on
    technology as ethical approach only if it
    does not lead to negative consequences.
    Cressey’s fraud theory:
    technology can develop
    opportunity to conduct fraud
    Deontological approach states that
    actions taken for the sense of duty and
    of it can be universalized, than it is right
    Ethics and technology: issues and
    challenges
    There have been various ethical challenges identified with the advancement of
    technologies. Watch the video and lets discuss

    https://www.youtube.com/
    watch?v=I9FOswjTSGg
    What did you learn about ethics
    and technology in the video.
    Ethical issues related to technologies have created ethical dilemma for
    companies. Lets discuss ethical issues related to certain technologies

    The abuse of consumers data and massive data breach is linked with big
    data which us used by companies as part of their marketing analysis.

    AI related technologies are created ethical concerns related to bias, control


    and fairness. The concerns has cause low faith in the AI industry.

    Fake and manipulated information has become a threat to truth and it is


    used for personal gains.

    The addiction to technologies is causing physical and mental health among


    people.
    Ethics and technology: issues and
    challenges
    Technology Trends that Raise Ethical
    Issues:
    Implication of data and privacy ethics

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=naaDBNSx610
    What is Data privacy
    • People in the digital age have become
    collection of individual piece of information
    (data).
    • The information is called personally
    identifiable information.
    • The dematerialization has made it easier to
    overthrow the right to privacy of people.
    • The individual information can be
    manipulated for various unethical and
    criminal purposes.
    What is Data privacy and ethics
    (Continue)
    The increasing concerns related to data privacy has led to
    development of data protection regulations

    General data protection regulation (the right to erase, edit


    and take civil action. People has the right to sue for
    damages for breach of personal data.

    The data breaches has increased has companies are


    extracting every small piece of information they can find to
    use it for their own benefits.

    The ethics of data privacy shall focus on four elements


    including consent, restriction, transparency and free will.
    Ethics And Data Privacy

    • Companies need to be open and clear


    about the data they are taking and in
    explaining the purpose of data usage.
    • Many companies (like Equifax) collect
    more than required data and ended up
    selling the data which led to data
    breach which is lack of compliance and
    ethical concern.
    Cyber security technologies

    • Companies has developed cyber


    security technologies with the aim to
    reduce the threat.
    Ethical use of Artificial intelligence,
    Ethical hacking and cybersecurity
    • Is there something called ethical hacking or is it even considered ethical.

    Ethical hacking is a process mainly used


    to identify the weaknesses and improve
    the system.

    Ethical hacking is mostly based on AI


    technologies.

    Ethical hacking method is mainly used in


    healthcare with the aim to find better
    solutions.
    Artificial intelligence and
    ethical
    • AI presents three major areas of ethical
    concern for society: privacy and
    surveillance, bias and discrimination

    Please read the case study of AI and


    ethics of “Apple card” and right down
    your opinion on Role and approach of
    company. Was AI biased or the company
    that developed the system
    Online Ethics And Social Media

    Group Discussion

    I am sure, you all have social


    media accounts. Lets me hear
    your ideas and experience in
    relation to ethics related to social
    media
    Online Ethics And Social Media

    The social media and the concept of open communication is causing various
    issues such as danger to demographics, endangering independent news,
    privacy issues, body shaming content and so on.

    At various point social media platforms failed to protect the privacy of


    information of audience.

    Twitters is has the lowest level of security. Twitter is also known for users
    posting harming and abusing content.

    Business ethics is important for avoidance of regulatory issues. Unethical


    Behaviour such as dishonesty, corruption and fraud results in lawsuits, fines
    and undermine the financial stability of organization. Ethical practices are
    useful for reduction of risk and protection of stakeholders interest.
    Number of compromised data records in
    selected data breaches as of April 2023
    Ethical consideration of Big Data
    Analytics
    Five Principles for Big Data Ethics

    Private customer data and identity


    should remain private:

    Shared private information


    should be treated confidentially

    Users should have a


    transparent view

    Big Data should not interfere


    with human will

    Big data should not


    institutionalize unfair biases
    Writing Activity

    • Write 200 words on ethical theory that is linked with technological


    ethics in your opinion.
    Analysis of Case Studies-Enron

    The scandal of Enron is highly popular for its ethical collapse. In 2001, the
    Enron history drew the response towards ethical fraud in accounting practices.

    It is based on manipulation in corporate fraud, manipulation in accounting


    information and unethical actions shown by management

    The top executives of Enron acted for safeguarding their own interest and
    ignored the interest of shareholder and employees.

    The executive entice the workforce for heavily investment in shares devoid of
    disclosure of real information and actual entity value that eventually lead to
    financial distress and bankruptcy.
    References
    • Uria-Recio, (2018). Five Principles for Big Data Ethics. https://medium.com/@
    uriarecio/5-principles-for-big-data-ethics-b5df1d105cd3
    • Howe III, E. G., & Elenberg, F. (2020). Ethical challenges posed by big data.
    Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 17(10-12), 24.
    • Petrosyan, A (2023). Number of compromised data records in selected data
    breaches as of April 2023.
    https://www.statista.com/statistics/290525/cyber-crime-biggest-online-data-breaches-
    worldwide/
    • Pazzanese, C (2020). Great promise but potential for peril. https://
    news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/10/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-d
    ecision-making-role/
    • Silverglate, P (2021). Beyond good intentions. https://
    www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/technology/ethical-dilemmas-in-technology.
    html
    • Kazim, E., & Koshiyama, A. (2021). The interrelation between data and AI ethics in
    the context of impact assessments. AI and Ethics, 1, 219-225.
    • Kenwright, B. (2018). Virtual reality: ethical challenges and dangers [opinion]. IEEE
    Technology and Society Magazine, 37(4), 20-25.

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