Oncological Emergencies
Oncological Emergencies
Oncological Emergencies
Emergencies
Investigation:
Hematologi Treatment-
Metabolic
c Structural
related
Hypercalcemia SVC
syndrome
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
It is an acute metabolic syndrome caused by the release of
nucleic acids, proteins and intracellular metabolites of
lysed cancer cells in the bloodstream.
Cardiac arrhythmias
Release of DNA
Purines Hyperphosphatemia
Ur Urate nephropathy
ic
Rasburicase Uricase
aci Ca-phos nephropathy
d
Allantoin
Clinical Features
• Allopurinol
• Rasburicase
Hemodialysis •
Hypercalcemia
• Hypercalcemia is defined as
elevated calcium levels in the
blood.it is consider the most
common metabolic disorder in
patients with cancer.
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation
• Dehydration
Management
• Diagnosis is made by measuring serum calcium
Goals of therapy
Pain control
Preservation of neuro function
SCC - Therapy
Symptomatic Tx
High-dose Glucocorticoids
Ensure adequate analgesia
Definitive Tx
Neoplasia Score
Surgery
urgent radiotherapy
Symptoms
• Dyspnea (63%)
• Facial swelling and head fullness (50%)
• Cough (24%)
• Arm swelling (18%)
• Chest pain (15%)
• Dysphagia (9%)
Physical findings
A: Plethora
B: Distended
jugular veins
C: Cyanosis
Swelling .D
hand/arm
Collateral .E
circulation
Compression .F
of SVC/tracheal
compression
Investigations
Diuretics
Stenting, particularly
while bx being pursued
Thank you