Introduction To Microbiology
Introduction To Microbiology
Introduction To Microbiology
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Introduction
• Definition:
• Microbiology is the branch of science that
deals with the study of micro organisms.
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Branches of microbiology
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Terminology
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• Pathogenicity: The ability of an organism to cause
disease.
• Virulence: The degree or intensity level of a pathogen.
• Toxin: A poisonous substance produced by a living
organism.
• Toxicant: A poisonous substance prepared by man.
• Antigen: Any substance usually made up of protein
that stimulates the immune response.
• Antibody: A protein that is formed as a result of the
immune response to an antigen.
• Sterilization: The process by which all forms
(vegetative and non-vegetative) of life is killed.
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• Bactericide: A substance or agent that kills
bacteria.
• Pasteurization: This is the method of heat
treatment at 63 C for 30 minutes to make it free
from specific germs.
• Disinfectant: An agent that kills microorganisms
by applying to inanimate (non living) objects.
• Antiseptic: An agent that kills microorganisms by
applying to living things.
• Vaccine: Attenuated or killed microbes or
inactivated toxins used to induce immunity.
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• Vaccination: The process of inducing immunity by
administrating a vaccine.
• Fomites: Inanimate object or material used by an
infected patient, which may transfer the infection to
another person by coming in contact. For example, Lenin,
clothes and other utensils.
• Eukaryotic Cell: A complete cell having a well defined
nucleus and other membranous structures. eg.
Multicellular(like animal and higher plant cells) and
unicellular (like protozones).
• Prokaryotic Cell: An incomplete cell having no well
defined nucleus and other membranous structures. They
are always unicellular. eg. Bacterial cell
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Human Five Pathogens
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Protozons
• Fungi
• Helminths
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