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VVVF Drive Presentation

Variable frequency drives control the speed of AC electric motors by adjusting the frequency of the motor's supply voltage, allowing the motor's output to match the load requirement. This enables energy savings by preventing the motor from running at unneeded speeds during reduced loads. VFDs convert a fixed-frequency supply voltage into a variable frequency that can adjust the motor's speed. They provide advantages like protection, diagnostics, variable speed control, and energy efficiency.

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Kirti Bedpuriya
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463 views19 pages

VVVF Drive Presentation

Variable frequency drives control the speed of AC electric motors by adjusting the frequency of the motor's supply voltage, allowing the motor's output to match the load requirement. This enables energy savings by preventing the motor from running at unneeded speeds during reduced loads. VFDs convert a fixed-frequency supply voltage into a variable frequency that can adjust the motor's speed. They provide advantages like protection, diagnostics, variable speed control, and energy efficiency.

Uploaded by

Kirti Bedpuriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BY

MAHESH ASNANI
JM , SP III (E/M)
 Variable Frequency Drives are devices which control the speed of
alternating current(AC) electric motors by controlling the
frequency of the supply voltage of the motor.

 Motor-driven systems are designed to handle peak loads. If the


system is running at a reduced load for some period of time, it
will lead to energy inefficiency.

 With Variable frequency drives and the ability to adjust the speed
of the motor, enables you to match the motor output to load
requirement thus resulting in energy savings.
 AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into Mechanical Energy.

 The AC motor is made up of two parts


The Stator : The stationary section that contain the windings
The Rotor : The rotating section that contains the conductors.

 When three phases are introduced in the motor, three magnetic fields
are introduced which are 120 degrees apart and lead to opposite
polarity pole formation.

 The magnetic field rotates in the air gap between the stator and the
rotor.

 Since the rotor conductors are placed in moving magnetic field, by


faraday’s law of EMI, voltage will be induced in the conductors.
 Since the rotor circuit is complete, this induced voltage causes a
current to flow in the rotor conductors.

 The current in the rotor produces its own magnetic field.

 When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it


experiences a force.

 This force acts in a tangential direction and produces a torque.

 Since the rotor is free to move, it starts rotating in the same


direction as the rotating magnetic field.
 Alternating current applied to the stator windings produce a magnetic
field which rotates at synchronous speed.

 Synchronous speed = 120 x supply frequency (Hz)/number of poles


per phase.

 Usually the rotor speed tries to follow the rotating magnetic field
however under load the rotor speed slips slightly behind the rotating
field. This generates an induced current, and the resulting magnetic
field in the rotor produces excess torque.

 Hence, Rotor speed = Synchronous speed – Slip.

 This slip is what allows the motor to turn, because if the slip would not
have been there, there would not be any cutting of flux by the rotor
conductors, and there would be no generated voltage, no current and
no torque.
 Since an induction motor rotates near synchronous speed, the most
effective and energy-efficient way to change the motor speed is to
change the frequency of the applied voltage. VFDs convert the fixed-
frequency supply voltage to a continuously variable frequency,
thereby allowing adjustable motor speed.

 AC motor characteristics require the applied voltage to be


proportionally adjusted whenever the frequency is changed in order
to deliver the rated torque. For example, if a motor is designed to
operate at 440 volts at 50 Hz, the applied voltage must be reduced to
220 volts when the frequency is reduced to 25 Hz.
 Rectifier

 Intermediate Circuit (DC Link)

 Inverter ( uses PWM )

 Control & Regulation Section


Its function is to change 3-phase AC into DC
Using a large bank of capacitors and DC reactors
the rippling DC voltage becomes more stable.
The Inverters take the voltage from the DC Bus & using Pulse Width
Modulation sends a signal which appears to the motor as an AC signal.
The positive IGBT fires first in the diagram followed by its
negative counterpart. The motor responds to it as a sinusoidal
waveform. This PWM frequency called the carrier frequency, can
vary from 3.5KHz to 15 kHz.
Without a drive, the motor can go full speed or OFF;
With a drive, the motor can go to a number of different
speeds.
 The control and regulation section monitors all the
other sections, making numerous calculations and
adjustments to the outgoing signal.

 The control section coordinates and regulates signals


inside the drive. This is where numerous calculations
are completed to properly switch the IGBTs.

 The control section uses the frequency (f), voltage (V)


and phase angle (theta) to control the inverter.
 The power consumed by a motor is
proportional to the cube of the speed of the
motor.

 POWER α (SPEED) 3
SPEED POWER
100% 100%
90% 73%
75% 42%
50% 12.5%
25% <2%
Other Advantages of Using Drives
 Protection against abnormal conditions
 Easy fault diagnostics

 Variable speed at the motor shaft maintaining torque


producing capability of the motor

 Controlled acceleration & deceleration


 Communication capable

 Soft Starting

 Quick & safe reversal and braking


THANK YOU
QUERIES ?

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